| 梁小娟,张晓煜,杨永娥,卫建国,马梦瑶,马鹏,张静,郝思敏.宁夏2个桃品种开花坐果期霜冻指标试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(5):227~235 |
| 宁夏2个桃品种开花坐果期霜冻指标试验研究 |
| Study on frost indicators during blooming and fruiting periods of two peach varieties in Ningxia |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.05.24 |
| 中文关键词: 桃 野外霜冻试验 霜冻指标 过冷能力 临界温度 |
| 英文关键词:peach field frost test frost indicators subrcooling capacity critical temperature |
| 基金项目:科技部科技助力经济2020重点专项(KJZLJJ202003)；中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2020ZY004) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为提高宁夏桃园布局合理性及霜冻监测预测、评估和防御能力，以‘华玉’和‘瑞光39号’桃品种为研究对象，采用野外霜冻试验箱模拟低温环境，于2022年4—5月开展霜冻原位试验，于盛花期、豆果期和幼果期各设置4个处理温度，分别持续0.5 h，以自然状态下的花朵和幼果为对照，跟踪调查不同低温处理下2个桃品种各发育期的受冻率，并结合室内显微观测及过冷却点，最终确定宁夏2个桃品种花（幼果）的霜冻等级指标。原位霜冻模拟试验结果表明，果树受冻害温度可能略高于其过冷却点。桃不同发育期霜冻指标有显著差异，桃抗冻能力开花期>豆果期>幼果期。不同品种抗冻能力差异显著，开花期‘瑞光39号’与‘华玉’抗冻能力基本相当，但豆果期和幼果期其抗冻能力明显弱于‘华玉’。‘华玉’豆果在-1.10℃时轻度受冻，在-2.68℃重度受冻，而‘瑞光39号’在-0.96℃时轻度受冻，低于-2.16℃低温时重度受冻。‘华玉’幼果在-1.75~-0.48℃轻度受冻，低于-2.40℃则重度受冻；‘瑞光39号’幼果在温度达到-0.52℃时轻度受冻，遇-1.41℃低温则遭受重度受冻。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To improve the rational layout of peach orchards and the ability of frost monitoring, forecasting, evaluating and preventing in Ningxia, ‘Huayu’ and ‘Ruiguang 39’ peach varieties were used as research objects to conduct in\|situ tests using field frost test chamber to simulate low\|temperature environments in April to May 2022. The study set four treatment temperatures at each growth period, lasting 0.5 h. The flowers and fruits in natural state were used as CK. We investigated the freezing rate of blooming period, bean fruit period and young fruit period under different low\|temperature treatments and combined with indoor microscopic observations and overcooling points to determine the frost indicators for flowers (young fruits) of two peaches in Ningxia. The results of the in\|situ tests indicated that fruit trees were probably subjected to frost damage at temperatures slightly above their overcooling point. There were significant differences in frost indicators at different growth periods of peach, the resistance of peach at blooming period > bean fruit period > young fruit period. The resistance of different varieties differed significantly, and the resistance of ‘Ruiguang 39’ and ‘Huayu’ were basically comparable during the blooming period, but its resistance was significantly weaker than that of ‘Huayu’ at bean fruit period and young fruit period. ‘Huayu’ bean fruits were lightly frozen at -1.10℃ and heavily frozen at -2.68℃, while ‘Ruiguang 39’ was lightly frozen at -0.96℃ and heavily frozen below -2.16℃. The young fruits of ‘Huayu’ were lightly frozen at -1.75~-0.48℃, and heavily frozen below -2.40℃. The young fruits of ‘Ruiguang 39’ were lightly frozen when the temperature reached -0.52℃, and heavily frozen when they encountered the low temperature of -1.41℃. |
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