| 程田田,陈佳,赖铭,张军,刘宏宇,蒙祖庆,宋丰萍.芥甘种间杂交甘蓝型油菜花期干旱响应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):79~87 |
| 芥甘种间杂交甘蓝型油菜花期干旱响应研究 |
| Drought response during flowering stage of new type Brassica napus L. derived from interspecific hybridization between B. juncea × B. napus |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.09 |
| 中文关键词: 甘蓝型油菜 芥甘杂交种 花期干旱 生理响应 |
| 英文关键词:Brassica napus L. interspecific hybrid of B. juncea×B. napus flowering drought physiological response |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31860387,31360341）；西藏自治区自然科学基金项目（XZ2017ZRG-35(Z)） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以两个抗旱性不同的芥甘种间杂交获得的甘蓝型油菜品系‘290’和‘299’为材料，设置3种干旱处理，即T1（10 cm土层土壤含水量13%~17%）、T2（10 cm土层土壤含水量7%~9%）、CK（10 cm土层土壤含水量48%~49%），研究新型甘蓝型油菜花期干旱下丙二醛和脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化酶活性等，结果表明：（1）花期干旱处理可同时诱导油菜叶片和花蕾中丙二醛的积累，随着干旱程度的加剧，叶片中丙二醛含量较对照增幅持续增加，其中抗旱品系‘290’与不抗旱品系‘299’在T1干旱下，叶片较对照分别增加了0.28%和63.83%；T2干旱下，叶片丙二醛含量较对照分别增加了29.12%和64.18%。叶绿素a/b值持续下降，其中，T1处理下品系‘290’与‘299’叶片中叶绿素a/b的含量与对照相比分别降低了7.43%和22.70%；T2处理下，品系‘290’与‘299’叶片中叶绿素a/b的含量与对照相比分别降低了20.59%和26.61%。花蕾中丙二醛含量较对照的增幅在较重干旱下有所降低且低于叶片。表明在较重的干旱胁迫下，花蕾的细胞膜受氧化伤害程度小于叶片，而不抗旱品系受害更明显。（2）干旱处理可诱导油菜叶片和花蕾中脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性的增加，在轻度干旱T1处理下叶片中脯氨酸和抗氧化酶含量较对照增加明显，其中，品系‘290’与‘299’叶片中脯氨酸积累量分别较对照增加1583.45%和838.32%；叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较对照分别增加了185.71%和173.53%；叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)分别较对照增加了140.52%和42.80%；叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别较对照增加了93.62%和68.59%；随着干旱胁迫的加剧，重度干旱T2处理下叶片的脯氨酸较对照增幅与轻度干旱T1相比有所下降，其中，品系‘290’与‘299’叶片中脯氨酸积累量分别较对照增加了992.67%和635.37%。叶片中CAT活性较对照分别增加了278.94%和231.09%；叶片中POD活性较对照分别增加了85.00%和47.06%；叶片中品系‘290’的SOD活性较对照增加了41.84%，品系‘299’的SOD活性较对照降低了21.79%，而花蕾较对照除SOD活性外均有持续增加。T1处理的抗旱品系表现更明显。表明轻度干旱下油菜主要启动叶片的防御机制，而重度干旱下应激性启动花蕾防御机制，防止花蕾的脱水，以保证最大限度结实。（3）干旱处理后恢复生长至成熟期，对产量构成因素的考察表明，单株有效角果总数下降明显，经T1干旱处理植株，品系‘290’与‘299’单株有效角果总数降幅分别为18%和47%；经T2干旱处理植株，品系‘290’与‘299’单株有效角果总数降幅分别约为18%和54%，而每角果粒数和千粒重受害相对较小。表明干旱恢复生长阶段的干物质优先分配给籽粒，进而保证了结实。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The contents of malondialdehyde, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities of new Brassica napus L. under drought were studied by crossing two varieties (‘290’ and ‘299’) of brassica napus with different drought resistance, under the three drought treatments of T1 (13%~17% soil moisture in 10 cm layer), T2 (7%~9% soil moisture in 10 cm layer), and CK (48%~49% soil moisture in 10 cm layer). The results showed as follows: (1) The accumulation of malondialdehyde in leaves and buds of rapeseed was induced by drought treatment at flowering stage. The malondialdehyde content in leaves continued to increase with the severity of drought. Drought\|resistant strain ‘290’ and non\|drought\|resistant strain ‘299’ increased by 0.28% and 63.83%, respectively, compared with the control under T1 drought. Under T2 drought, malondialdehyde content in leaves increased by 29.12% and 64.18% compared with control, respectively. The value of chlorophyll a/b decreased continuously, and the content of chlorophyll a/b in the leaves of strains ‘290’ and ‘299’ under T1 drought decreased by 7.43% and 22.70% compared with the control, respectively. Under T2 drought, the content of chlorophyll a/b in the leaves of strains ‘290’ and ‘299’ decreased by 20.59% and 26.61%, respectively, compared with the control. The increase of malondialdehyde content in flower bud was lower than that in control under severe drought. The results showed that under severe drought stress, the cell membrane of flower bud was less damaged by oxidation than that of leaf, and the damage of non\|drought\|resistant strain was more obvious. (2) Drought treatment can induce the increase of proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves and buds of rapeseed, and the contents of proline and antioxidant enzyme in leaves of mild drought T1 were significantly increased compared with the control. The accumulation of proline in leaves of strains ‘290’ and ‘299’ was increased by 1583.45% and 838.32% compared with the control, respectively. The catalase (CAT) activity in leaves was increased by 185.71% and 173.53%, respectively. The peroxidase (POD) in leaves was increased by 140.52% and 42.80% compared with control. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves was increased by 93.62% and 68.59%, respectively. With the aggravation of drought stress, the increase of proline in leaves under severe drought T2 decreased compared with that under mild drought T1, and the accumulation of proline in leaves of strain ‘290’ and ‘299’ increased by 992.67% and 635.37%, respectively. CAT activity in leaves was increased by 278.94% and 231.09%, respectively. POD activity in leaves was increased by 85.00% and 47.06% compared with control. The SOD activity of strain ‘290’ in leaves increased by 41.84%, and that of strain ‘299’ decreased by 21.79%, while the activity of SOD in flower buds increased continuously. The drought-resistant strains treated with T1 showed more obvious performance. The results showed that under mild drought, rape mainly activated the defense mechanism of leaves; while under severe drought, stress activated the defense mechanism of buds to prevent the dehydration of buds and ensure the maximum fruiting. (3) After drought treatment, the total number of effective siliqua per plant decreased significantly. After T1 drought treatment, the total number of effective siliqua per plant decreased by 18% and 47%, respectively. After T2 drought treatment, the total number of effective siliqua per plant of strains ‘290’ and ‘299’ decreased by about 18% and 54%, respectively, while the number of nuts per siliqua and 1000\|grain weight suffered relatively little. The results showed that dry matter was preferentially allocated to seeds in the growth stage of drought recovery, thus ensuring siliqua bearing. |
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