| 焦锦堂,孙万仓,方彦,陈其鲜,崔小茹,缪纯庆,白静,安丽容,雒兴刚,万海元,陶肖蕾,王旺田,杨刚,马骊,武军艳.冬油菜覆盖对土壤理化性状及微生物的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):128~139 |
| 冬油菜覆盖对土壤理化性状及微生物的影响 |
| Effects of different winter rape mulchings on soil physical and chemical properties and microorganisms |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.14 |
| 中文关键词: 冬油菜覆盖 干物质量 土壤含水量 氮素积累 土壤微生物多样性 |
| 英文关键词:winter rape mulching dry matter quality soil water content nitrogen accumulation soil microbial diversity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32260519）；2022年现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目（GSLK-2021-9）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-12） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 752 |
| 全文下载次数: 629 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 于2021—2022年在甘肃省兰州市永登县上川镇甘肃农业大学油菜育种基地设置5个不同类型冬油菜覆盖处理，即‘陇油7号’覆盖（SC）、‘天油2号’覆盖（WC）、‘陇油99’覆盖（LX）、‘陇油88’覆盖（SR）、‘天油2288’覆盖（WR），以冬闲无覆盖为对照（CK），通过研究冬闲田不同类型冬油菜覆盖对土壤理化性质及微生物的影响，以期为该区筛选适宜秋冬闲田覆盖的油菜类型提供依据。结果表明：五叶期白菜型覆盖量比甘蓝型高，进入越冬期后甘蓝型覆盖量高于白菜型；白菜型品种和甘蓝型品种均具有良好的覆盖效果，甘蓝型品种‘陇油88’和白菜型品种‘陇油99’在不同时期的覆盖效果各有优势，二者均可以作为冬闲覆盖材料。冬前甘蓝型覆盖各项光合指标均高于白菜型，甘蓝型品种较白菜型具有覆盖优势。冬油菜覆盖具有降低土壤容重和提高土壤孔隙度的作用，随土层深度的增加土壤容重和土壤孔隙度均表现为先升高后降低；冬油菜覆盖可以增加0~30 cm土层土壤含水量，白菜型覆盖的保水效果优于甘蓝型覆盖。与CK相比，覆盖处理0~30 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮含量分别增加了54.00%、85.00%、20.62%、15.30%、39.30%；甘蓝型覆盖处理0~30 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量比白菜型高，白菜型覆盖处理的土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量比甘蓝型高。土壤基础养分氮磷钾含量与细菌和真菌的优势菌门呈正相关关系，短期冬油菜覆盖可以提高春小麦生物量但对其产量没有影响。综上可知，甘蓝型冬油菜覆盖在提高光合特性和土壤氮磷钾含量方面的表现比白菜型好，白菜型冬油菜覆盖在增加土壤含水量和土壤硝、铵态氮含量方面优于甘蓝型，因此甘蓝型冬油菜‘陇油88’和白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’是本区较为理想的覆盖作物，二者混播效果更佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| From 2021-2022, five different types of winter rape mulching treatments were set up in the rape breeding base of Gansu Agricultural University, Shangchuan Town, Yongdeng County, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, including ‘Longyou 7’ mulching (SC), ‘Tianyou 2’ mulching (WC), ‘Longyou 99’ mulching (LX), ‘Longyou 88’ mulching (SR), and ‘Tianyou 2288’ mulching (WR) to provide a basis for selecting suitable types of rapeseed for autumn and winter fallow field coverage in this area. The results showed that the coverage of Brassica rapa during the five\|leaf stage was higher than that of Brassica napus, and after entering the overwintering stage, the coverage of Brassica napus was higher than that of Brassica rapa. Both the Brassica napus and Brassica rapa varieties had good coverage effects. The Brassica napus varieties ‘Longyou 88’ and Brassica rapa ‘Longyou 99’ had their own advantages in coverage effects at different stages, and both were used as winter fallow coverage materials. Before winter, the photosynthetic indicators of the Brassica napus were higher than those of the Brassica rapa, and the Brassica napus varieties had coverage advantages over the Brassica rapa. Winter rapeseed mulching had the effect of reducing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity. With the increase of soil depth, both soil bulk density and soil porosity first increased and then decreased. Winter rapeseed mulching increased the soil moisture content of 0~30 cm soil layer, and the water retention effect of cabbage mulching was better than that of cabbage mulching. Compared with CK, the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the 0~30 cm soil layer increased by 54.00%, 85.00%, 20.62%, 15.30%, and 39.30%, respectively. The content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the 0~30 cm soil layer of the Brassica napus coverage treatment was higher than that of the Brassica rapa, while the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the Brassica rapa coverage treatment was higher than that of the Brassica napus. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil basic nutrients was positively correlated with the dominant phylum of bacteria and fungi. Short term winter rapeseed coverage increased the biomass of spring wheat but had no effect on its yield. In summary, the coverage of Brassica napus performed better than that of Brassica rapa in improving photosynthetic characteristics and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. The coverage of Brassica rapa winter rapeseed was better than that of Brassica napus in increasing soil water content and soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content. Therefore, Brassica napus ‘Longyou 88’ and Brassica rapa ‘Longyou 7’ are ideal coverage crops in this area, and their mixed planting effect is better. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |