| 李爽,李文娜,关皓月,李梦瑶,吴金芝,赵凯男,张军,黄明,李友军.耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):168~178 |
| 耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in wheat\|soybean rotation filed in dryland of western Henan Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.18 |
| 中文关键词: 旱地 轮作田 耕作方式 土壤理化性质 土壤酶 |
| 英文关键词:dryland rotation field farming methods soil physical and chemical properties soil enzymes |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300400，2018YFD0300700）；河南省旱地绿色智慧农业特色骨干学科群建设项目（17100001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田不同土层土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的影响，设置免耕（NT）、旋耕（RT）和翻耕（PT）3种耕作方式，分析了定位试验9 a（2009—2019年）后小麦收获期的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量，以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，并运用相关分析和通径分析研究了土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明：不同耕作方式对土壤理化特性和酶活性具有显著的调控作用，其调控效应与其作业深度相关。RT较PT有利于降低0~15 cm土层但增加15~35 cm土层容重，NT较RT和PT显著降低了0~5、15~35、35~60 cm土层的土壤容重，土壤孔隙度变化规律与容重相反。各处理间土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在0~5 cm土层和15~35 cm土层规律一致，0~5 cm土层均以NT最优，分别较最低值处理（PT）显著提高16.7%、53.2%、15.9%、23.6%、18.0%、34.7%和29.0%；15~35 cm土层均以PT最优，分别较最低值处理（NT）显著提高18.3%、23.4%、53.4%、5.8%、16.6%、29.0%和21.6%。在5~15 cm土层，土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量和土壤蛋白酶活性的规律一致且均以RT最优，分别较最低值处理（NT）显著提高13.8%、23.0%、16.0%和10.7%，土壤速效钾含量及土壤脲酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性的规律一致且均以RT最优，分别较最低值处理（PT）显著提高6.8%、14.8%、14.8%和12.8%。相关性分析和通径分析结果表明：土壤容重与土壤酶活性极显著负相关，土壤孔隙度、土壤养分含量与土壤酶活性极显著正相关；土壤有机质对土壤脲酶和转化酶有较大的直接正效应，是土壤蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶的主要限制因子；土壤全氮是土壤蛋白酶的主要决定因子；土壤有效磷是土壤脲酶和转化酶的主要限制因子；土壤速效钾是土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的主要决定因子。综上可知，NT、RT、PT分别有利于优化0~5、5~15、15~35 cm土层的容重、孔隙度和养分含量，进而调控相应土层的酶活性，且不同养分对土壤酶的调控效应不同。旱作区麦-豆轮作田应因地制宜选用不同耕作方式以实现土壤理化性状和土壤酶的均衡分布。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in different soil layers of wheat\|soybean rotation field in dryland of western Henan Province, three tillage methods of no\|tillage (NT), rotary tillage (RT) and plowing tillage (PT), were set up in Luoyang City, Henan Province. The soil bulk density, porosity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium as well as the activities of soil urease, protease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed after 9\|year\|located tillage management (2009-2019). Moreover, the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities was studied by correlation and path analysis. The results showed that tillage methods had significant regulatory effects on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities, and their regulatory effects were related to the depth of tillage. Compared with PT, RT reduced the soil bulk density in 0~15 cm soil layer but increased the soil bulk density in 15~35 cm soil layer. Compared with RT and PT, NT significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0~5, 15~35 cm and 35~60 cm soil layers. The change tendency of soil porosity was opposite to that of soil bulk density. The effects of different treatments on contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and activities of soil urease, protease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were consistent in 0~5 cm soil layer and 15~35 cm soil layer. NT showed the best performance in the 0~5 cm soil layer, which was significantly increased by 16.7%, 53.2%, 15.9%, 23.6%, 18.0%, 34.7% and 29.0%, respectively, compared with that in PT (the lowest treatment). PT had the best performance in the 15~35 cm soil layer, which was significantly increased by 18.3%, 23.4%, 53.4%, 5.8%, 16.6%, 29.0% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with that in NT (the lowest treatment). In the 5~15 cm soil layer, the regulative effects of treatments on contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil protease activity were consistent and the best performance was observed in RT, which were significantly increased by 13.8%, 23.0%, 16.0% and 10.7%, respectively, compared with that in NT (the lowest treatment), however, the regulative effects on soil available potassium content and the activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase were consistent and the best performance was observed in RT, which were significantly increased by 6.8%, 14.8%, 14.8% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with that in PT (the lowest treatment). The results of correlation and path analysis showed that tillage method could directly or indirectly affected soil enzyme activity via regulating soil nutrient content. Among them, soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with soil enzyme activity, but soil porosity and the measured soil nutrient contents were significantly positively correlated with soil enzyme activity. Soil organic matter had a great direct positive effect on soil urease and invertase, and it was the main limiting factor of soil protease and alkaline phosphatase. Soil total nitrogen was the main determinant of soil protease. Soil available phosphorus was the main limiting factor of soil urease and invertase. Soil available potassium was the main determinant of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase. In all, NT, RT and PT optimized the bulk density, porosity and nutrient content of 0~5, 5~15 cm and 15~35 cm soil layers, respectively, and thus regulated the enzyme activities in the corresponding soil layers. However, the effects of nutrient contents on soil enzymes were different for different indexes. Different tillage methods should be selected according to local conditions for realizing the balance distribution of physico\|chemical properties and enzymes in wheat\|soybean rotation fields in dry farming areas. |
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