| 杨金虎,李立军,张艳丽,韩冬雨,韩丽,赵鑫瑶,罗素菊,张宏杰.燕麦箭筈豌豆间作及施肥对科尔沁沙地饲草产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):179~189 |
| 燕麦箭筈豌豆间作及施肥对科尔沁沙地饲草产量和品质的影响 |
| Effects of oat and common vetch intercropping and fertilization on forage yield and quality in Horqin Sandy Land |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.19 |
| 中文关键词: 间作 施肥 燕麦 箭筈豌豆 产量 品质 科尔沁沙地 |
| 英文关键词:intercropping fertilization oat common vetch yield quality Horqin sandy land |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目（2019ZD003，2020ZD0005，2021ZD0002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2020—2021年在中国科学院西北奈曼沙漠化研究站，以饲用燕麦和箭筈豌豆为研究对象，在燕麦灌浆期刈割后进行饲草复播，采用双因素随机区组设计，设置3种种植模式，即燕麦单作（SO）、箭筈豌豆单作（SV）和燕麦箭筈豌豆间作（IOV）；4种施肥模式，即不施肥（N）、单施化肥（C）、单施生物有机肥（M）和有机肥与无机肥配施（G），通过测定饲草产量和营养品质，分析种间竞争相关指标，以明确间作与施肥对复种燕麦、箭筈豌豆饲草产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：间作和施肥提高了燕麦和箭筈豌豆的地上部生物量，在G处理下，间作燕麦（IO）和间作箭筈豌豆（IV）的干草产量较相应单作处理分别提高了4.34%、1.79%和27.63%、34.12%。间作处理的土地当量比大于1，表明燕麦箭筈豌豆间作具有土地利用优势；通过种间竞争指标分析发现，箭筈豌豆产量的提高对于发挥间作优势具有重要的作用。IO-G处理的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较同水平下单作处理分别提高了24.81%、36.60%和20.21%、6.15%，IV-G处理的可溶性糖含量较IV-N处理提高18.55%和34.36%；IO-G处理下的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量较同水平下单作燕麦平均降低6.47%和12.10%，间作燕麦和间作箭筈豌豆的相对饲用价值在G处理下较N处理分别提高39.18%、58.81%和25.68%、55.46%。间作种植模式还提高了饲草潜在干物质采食量、消化性干物质及代谢能含量，使饲草营养品质从能量积累到适口性都有所提升。综上可知，燕麦箭筈豌豆间作结合有机肥和无机肥配施可以改善内蒙古东部沙质土壤地区饲草的营养品质，提高饲草产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This experiment was conducted at the Northwest Naiman Desertification Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2020 and 2021. The subjects were oat and common vetch, and a two\|factor randomized block design was adopted for multiple cropping of oats after mow\|cutting at the grain\|filling stage. There were 3 planting modes of single cropping oat (SO), single cropping common vetch (SV) and oat and common vetch intercropping (IOV). The fertilization factors included 4 levels of no fertilization (N), only chemical fertilizer (C), only microbial organic fertilizer (M) and microbial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined (G). The pass test forage yield and nutritional quality and the indexes related to interspecific competition were analyzed to determine the effects of intercropping and fertilization on the forage yield and nutritional quality of the multiple cropping oat and common vetch. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of oats and common vetch was increased by intercropping and fertilization. Under the G treatment, the dry yield of intercropping oat (IO) and intercropping common vetch (IV) was increased 4.34%, 1.79% and 27.63%, 34.12% respectively when compared with the corresponding monoculture. The land equivalent ratio of the intercropping was greater than 1, indicating that the intercropping oat and common vetch had a land use advantage. Meanwhile, the increase of common vetch yield was found to play an important role in the intercropping advantage through the analysis of the inter\|specific competition indicators. The contents of crude protein and crude fat in IO-G treatment were compared with the corresponding monoculture respectively increased 24.81%, 36.60% and 20.21%, 6.15%. The soluble sugar content in IV-G treatment was respectively increased by 18.55% and 34.36% compared with IV-N treatment. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber under IO-G treatment were 6.47% and 12.10% lower than those under the same level single cropping oat. The relative feeding value of intercropping oat and intercropping common vetch under G treatment was respectively increased by 39.18%, 58.81% and 25.68%, 55.46% compared with N treatment. Intercropping mode also promoted the increase of potential dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and metabolizable energy content of forage, which improved the nutrient quality of forage from energy accumulation to palatability. Based on the above index analysis, the nutritional quality and yield of forage could be improved by the combined application of microbial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined under oat and common vetch intercropping in sandy soil areas of eastern Inner Mongolia. |
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