| 李黄涛,曹红霞,杨诗雨,张浥,裴书瑶,南学平,李志军.滴灌和覆盖条件下山地苹果园土壤蒸发的空间分布[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):219~226 |
| 滴灌和覆盖条件下山地苹果园土壤蒸发的空间分布 |
| Spatial variation of soil evaporation in mountain apple orchards under drip irrigation and mulching |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.23 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌 园艺地布 土壤蒸发 空间分布 |
| 英文关键词:drip irrigation fabric mulching soil evaporation spatial distribution |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0400204）；陕西省水利厅科技计划项目（2020slkj-08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 减少土壤蒸发是提高果园水分利用效率的重要途径，覆盖是减少土壤蒸发的有效方式。在黄土高原山地苹果园4个土壤干湿循环周期中，设置3个灌水水平，即高水（85%θf）、中水（70%θf）和不灌水；2种覆盖方式，即园艺地布覆盖和不覆盖。各处理中根据与果树种植行的间距在水平方向设置3个空间点位（点位A，120 cm；点位B，60 cm；点位C，0 cm），研究滴灌与覆盖下果园土壤蒸发的空间分布并分析点位、气象因素和土壤水分情况对土壤蒸发的影响。研究表明：高水和中水处理下，土壤蒸发在空间上呈“单峰型”曲线分布，不灌水处理下水平方向上3个点位的土壤蒸发差异不显著。园艺地布覆盖可有效抑制土壤蒸发。在中水水平下，园艺地布覆盖显著增大了距果树行60 cm点位的土壤水分，土壤蒸发量减少5.26%~27.75%。偏相关分析表明，园艺地布覆盖减弱了点位和环境因素对土壤蒸发的影响，增大了土壤水分对土壤蒸发的影响。本研究推荐处理组合为园艺地布覆盖+中水。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Reducing soil evaporation is an important way to improve water use efficiency in orchards, and mulching is an effective method to reduce soil evaporation. This research aimed at the apple tree on the loess plateau, studied the spatial distribution of soil evaporation during four wet\|dry cycles in apple orchard. This experiment set three irrigation levels (high water, medium water and low water), two mulching methods (fabric\|mulching and non\|mulching) and three points based on the distance to drip line in horizontal direction in each treatment to examine the spatial variation of soil evaporation under different irrigation amount and mulching. The correlation between space point, meteorological factor, soil water and soil evaporation were also studied. Under high\|water and medium\|water treatments, soil evaporation presented a ‘single\|peak’ spatial distribution curve, while under low\|water treatment, there was non\|significant difference in soil evaporation at the three horizontal points. Soil evaporation was effectively inhibited by fabric\|mulching. At the medium water, the soil moisture at the point 60 cm away from the tree line was significantly increased and the soil evaporation was reduced by 5.26%~27.75%. The partial correlation analysis showed that the influence of point and environmental factors on soil evaporation was weakened and the influence of soil moisture on soil evaporation was increased. Recommending combination of mulching and irrigation is fabric mulching and medium water. |
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