| 周嘉,杨小利,王丽娜,王劲松.冬小麦综合干旱评估指标建立及应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(6):254~262 |
| 冬小麦综合干旱评估指标建立及应用 |
| Establishment and application of comprehensive drought assessment index for winter wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.06.27 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 干旱 评估指标 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat drought assessment index Loess Plateau |
| 基金项目:甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目（21JR7RA694） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 604 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为提高冬小麦干旱监测和定量灾损评估的准确性，以半干旱黄土高原陇东地区为例，利用15个冬小麦种植县1965—2020年逐日降水资料、MCI指数，1978—2020年冬小麦产量资料、干旱灾情资料，以及1981—2014年生育期观测资料，探索建立冬小麦干旱灾损评估新指标WDI，以因旱减产率和干旱指标之间的关系参考历史灾情确定等级阈值，基于WDI分析陇东地区冬小麦干旱时空分布特征。结果表明：WDI在评估干旱对冬小麦产量影响方面优于气象干旱指数；从3个代表站WDI年际变化看，环县波动幅度最大且数值最小，其次是西峰，处于阴湿地区的华亭波动幅度最小且数值最大。20世纪90年代初至21世纪初波动最剧烈。从年代变化看，20世纪90年代全生育期、拔节~开花期WDI平均值分别为-10.6、-5.4，为各年代最低，处于干旱期；21世纪10年代WDI平均值则分别为4.4、2.6，为各年代最高，处于相对湿润期。在空间分布上，干旱频率由东南向西北增大，重度以上干旱主要发生在陇东西部和中北部。冬小麦全生育期、拔节~开花期轻中旱发生频率分别为34%~52%、41%~57%，重度以上干旱频率均为4%~18%，评估结果与历史实况基本一致。WDI兼顾气象学与生物学意义，能较好表征冬小麦产量损失、干旱时空特征分析,可用于冬小麦干旱监测和评估业务。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To improve the accuracy of drought monitoring and quantitative disaster losses evaluation for winter wheat, a new comprehensive assessment index (WDI) for winter wheat drought damage in the semiarid loess plateau region Longdong was explored and established, using daily precipitation data and MCI index during 1965 to 2020, yield and drought disasters from 1978 to 2020, as well as observed data of winter wheat growth periods from 1981 to 2014 in 15 winter wheat planting counties. The drought index level was graded based on the relationship between drought index and yield loss due to drought, referring to the actual historical disasters. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of winter wheat drought in Longdong was analyzed based on WDI. The result showed that WDI was superior to meteorological drought index in assessment of winter wheat drought damage. From the interannual variation at 3 representative stations, the fluctuation range of WDI during growing season at Huanxian was the largest and the values was the lowest, the next was Xifeng, and fluctuation ranges of WDI at Huating was the smallest and the values was the highest. WDI floated sharply from the early 1990s to the early 21st century. From the decade’s variation, the WDI values of 1990s was the lowest in all decades and was relatively dry, in which the average WDI values of the whole growth period and jointing\|flowering period were -10.6 and -5.4, respectively. WDI of the 2010s was the highest in all decades and was in a relatively humid period, in which the average WDI values were 4.4 and 2.6, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the drought frequency increased from southeast to northwest, and drought above severe drought mainly occurred in the west and middle north of Longdong. The frequency of light\|moderate drought during the whole growth period and jointing\|flowering period were 34%~52% and 41%~57%, respectively, and the frequency above severe drought was 4%~18%. The assessment results were basically consistent with historical facts. Both biological and meteorological significance were considered in WDI, which can be used to characterize yield loss and spatial\|temporal analysis of winter wheat drought more accurately as well as for winter wheat drought monitoring and evaluating business. |
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