| 石小兰,脱云飞,丁明净,刘香凝,王昭仪,刘艳伟,向萍,杨启良.水肥调控下土壤碳氮含量、酶活性和三七产量的响应特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(1):76~86 |
| 水肥调控下土壤碳氮含量、酶活性和三七产量的响应特征研究 |
| Characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen content, enzyme activity and Panax notoginseng yield under the control of water and fertilizer |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.01.08 |
| 中文关键词: 水肥调控 土壤碳氮含量 土壤酶活性 三七 产量 |
| 英文关键词:water and fertilizer regulation soil carbon and nitrogen content soil enzymatic activity Panax notoginseng yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51979134）；2021年度云南省农业联合专项面上项目（202101BD070001-077）；云南省基础研究重点项目（202201AS070034）；四川省栗子坪国家级自然保护区陆生动物生境调查研究（2021ZD0125） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示水肥对三七田土壤碳氮含量、酶活性和产量调控效应，明确三七不同生育时期最适水肥调控模式，于2018—2021年在云南省红河州泸西县三七种植基地开展田间试验，设3个灌水水平（5 mm，W1；10 mm，W2；15 mm，W3）和4个不同生育时期（根增期、苗期、花期、果期）施肥配比水平（25%∶25%∶25%∶25%，F1；20%∶25%∶30%∶25%，F2；15%∶30%∶30%∶25%，F3；10%∶40%∶20%∶30%，F4），以全生育期不灌溉施肥处理为对照（CK），研究不同水肥调控模式对土壤碳氮含量、酶活性、三七产量、总皂苷含量及各指标间相互关系的影响，同时采用CRITIC-VIKOR法对最适水肥调控模式综合评价。结果表明：灌水量和生育时期施肥配比对三七根增期、苗期、花期和果期土壤全氮、有机碳含量和脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及产量、总皂苷含量有显著影响（P<0.05），与CK相比，花期W2F3处理土壤全氮含量较其他处理显著提高7.69%~92.50%，W1F1处理土壤有机碳含量较其他处理显著提高5.11%~7.11%；根增期各灌水施肥处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别平均较CK增加7.20%、19.82%和47.44%，过氧化氢酶活性降低19.16%。与CK相比，收获后水肥调控处理三七水分利用效率平均提高53.83%，肥料偏生产力平均提高66.30%，W2F4处理产量最高（2 797.25 kg·hm-2），W2F3处理总皂苷含量最高（176.34 mg·g-1）。综合评分法结果表明，三七根增期W3F1处理Q值为0.03，苗期W2F3处理Q值为0.02，花期W2F3处理的Q值为0.01，果期W3F2处理的Q值为0.02；根增期和果期最佳灌溉施肥方案为W3F1和W3F2，苗期和花期最佳灌溉施肥方案为W2F3。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Three irrigation levels (5 mm, W1; 10 mm, W2; 15 mm, W3) and four distinct fertility periods (rooting, seedling, flowering, fruiting) were established, along with varied fertilization ratios (F1: 25%∶25%∶25%∶25%; F2: 20%∶25%∶30%∶25%; F3: 15%∶30%∶30%∶25%; F4: 10%∶40%∶20%∶30%) in Yunnan Province in 2018-2021. The entire life cycle under non\|irrigated fertilizer treatment served as the control (CK) to investigate effects of different water and fertilization control modes on soil carbon and nitrogen content, enzyme activity, Panax notoginseng yield, total saponin content and the interrelationships among the indexes were investigated, and the CRITIC-VIKOR method was used for the comprehensive evaluation of the most suitable water and fertilization control modes. The results showed that: irrigation water and fertilizer ratios at different fertility periods had significant effects (P<0.05) on soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, urease, acid phosphatase, sucrase and catalase activities as well as yield and total saponin content in P. notoginseng at the root increase stage, seedling, flowering and fruiting stages. The total nitrogen content of the W2F3 treatment at the flowering stage was significantly higher than that of the other treatments by 7.69%~92.50% compared to that of CK, and the soil organic carbon content of the W1F1 treatment at the flowering stage was significantly higher than that of the other treatments by 5.11%~7.11%. The mean values of soil urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase activities at different irrigation and fertilization levels during the root increase period were increased by 7.20%, 19.82%, and 47.44% compared with CK, and peroxidase activity was decreased by 19.16%. Compared with CK, post\|harvest water and fertilizer regulation treatments of P. notoginseng increased water use efficiency by 53.83% on average, fertilizer bias productivity by 66.30% on average, W2F4 treatment had the highest yield (2 797.25 kg·hm-2), and W2F3 treatment had the highest total saponin content (176.34 mg·g-1). The combined scoring method revealed specific Q values for P. notoginseng: 0.03 for the W3F1 treatment during the root increase stage, 0.02 for W2F3 during the seedling stage, 0.01 for W2F3 during flowering, and 0.02 for W3F2 during fruiting. The analysis identified W3F1 and W3F2 as the optimal irrigation and fertilization schemes for the root increase and fruiting stages, while W2F3 emerged as the optimal scheme for the seedling and flowering stages. |
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