| 王悦华,马珂,苏少伟,周俊学,申洪涛,温烜琳,张书豪,李友军,王艳芳,刘领.豫西旱地烟薯间作模式下不同株距对烤烟生长及产量质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(1):194~204 |
| 豫西旱地烟薯间作模式下不同株距对烤烟生长及产量质量的影响 |
| Effects of plant spacing on growth, yield and quality of flue\|cured tobacco under tobacco and sweet potato intercropping pattern in dryland of western Henan |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.01.20 |
| 中文关键词: 烤烟 烟薯间作 株距 烟叶产量 烟叶质量 豫西旱地 |
| 英文关键词:flue\|cured tobacco tobacco and sweet potato intercropping plant spacing tobacco yield tobacco quality dryland of western Henan |
| 基金项目:河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）（212102110286）；河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司项目（LYKJ202003，2022410300270071）；河南省烟草公司许昌市公司项目（2021411000240098）；河南中烟工业有限责任公司资助项目（2020410001340006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索适宜豫西旱地烤烟高质量发展的烟薯产业综合体模式，以烤烟‘LY1306’和鲜食甘薯‘普薯32’为材料，采用田间试验研究“烟垄栽薯”2∶2间作模式下烤烟不同株距（65、60 cm和55 cm）配置对烟株生长及产量质量的影响。结果表明：在烟株移栽后90 d，与烤烟单作相比，烤烟株距为65 cm时，烟薯间作烟叶的最大叶长和最大叶宽分别提高5.09%~5.12%和5.17%~8.17%，叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）提高4.90%~6.81%，净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）分别提高16.39%~21.50%、23.82%~27.72%和36.21%~45.31%，土传根茎病害发病率降低74.38%~78.42%；烤烟株距为60 cm时，烟薯间作烟叶的最大叶长和最大叶宽分别提高3.71%~4.79%和4.69%~7.61%，SPAD值提高3.80%~5.55%，Pn、Gs和Tr分别提高14.03%~19.77%、15.68%~22.49%和29.83%~35.78%，土传根茎病害发病率降低75.30%~78.11%；两种株距下烤后烟叶内在化学成分配比较烤烟单作更为合理。随着烤烟株距的减小，间作处理的土地当量比（LER）、总产值及烤烟感官评吸总分表现为先增加后减小；当烤烟株距为60 cm时，烟薯间作的总产值在2021年和2022年分别达82 855.40 CNY·hm-2和81 654.55 CNY·hm-2，较烤烟单作提高15.85%和22.43%。综上，豫西旱地采用“烟垄栽薯”2∶2间作模式的LER>1，具有间作优势，且烤烟株距调整为60 cm时（烤烟单作株距65 cm），烟株生长较好，产量质量指标最优，综合效益最大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the suitable flue\|cured tobacco and sweet potato intercropping model for high quality development of flue\|cured tobacco in dryland of western Henan, we conducted a field experiment using flue\|cured tobacco ‘LY1306’ and fresh sweet potato ‘Pushu 32’ as experimental materials to investigate the effects of flue\|cured tobacco and sweet potato with 2∶2 intercropping pattern and different plant spacing (65 cm, 60 cm and 55 cm) of flue\|cured tobacco on the growth, yield and quality of flue\|cured tobacco. The results showed that 90 days after flue\|cured tobacco transplanting, compared with flue\|cured tobacco monoculture, when the flue\|cured tobacco plant spacing was 65 cm, the maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of flue\|cured tobacco intercropping with sweet potato were increased by 5.09%~5.12% and 5.17%~8.17%, the SPAD value was increased by 4.90%~6.81%; Pn, Gs and Tr were increased by 16.39%~21.50%, 23.82%~27.72% and 36.21%~45.31%; and the incidence of soil\|borne rhizome diseases was reduced by 74.38%~78.42%. When the plant spacing of flue\|cured tobacco was 60 cm, the maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of flue\|cured tobacco intercropping with sweet potato were increased by 3.71%~4.79% and 4.69%~7.61%; the SPAD value increased by 3.80%~5.55%, Pn, Gs and Tr increased by 14.03%~19.77%, 15.68%~22.49% and 29.83%~35.78%; and the incidence of soil\|borne rhizome diseases decreased by 75.30%~78.11%. The internal chemical composition of flue\|cured tobacco leaves under the two\|plant spacing of intercropping was more coordinated than that of flue\|cured tobacco monoculture. Under intercropping, with plant spacing of flue\|cured tobacco increasing, the land equivalent ratio (LER), total output value and sensory evaluation total score of flue\|cured tobacco increased first and then decreased. When plant spacing of flue\|cured tobacco was 60 cm under flue\|cured tobacco and sweet potato intercropping, the total output value of was 82 855.40 CNY·hm-2 in 2021 and 81 654.55 CNY·hm-2 in 2022, which was 15.85% and 22.43% higher than that of flue\|cured tobacco monoculture. In summary, intercropping flue\|cured tobacco and sweet potato in dry land of western Henan had significant advantage with land equivalent ratios (LER>1). Moreover, these indexes of flue\|cured tobacco growth, yield and qualityas well as comprehensive benefit were the best when the plant spacing was 60 cm under flue\|cured tobacco intercropping compared to the plant spacing was 65 cm under flue\|cured tobacco monoculture. |
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