| 贾荣俭,胡宇,杨杰,贺颖,马永涛,王元基,赵政阳.叶面喷施K2SO4对‘瑞雪’苹果果实糖代谢的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(2):88~96 |
| 叶面喷施K2SO4对‘瑞雪’苹果果实糖代谢的影响 |
| Effects of foliar spraying K2SO4 on sugar metabolism in ‘Ruixue’ apple fruit |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.02.11 |
| 中文关键词: ‘瑞雪’苹果 钾肥 叶面喷施 糖代谢 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:‘Ruixue’ apple potassium foliar spraying sugar metabolism fruit quality |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-27）；旱地矮化苹果园生草及肥水管理技术研究（Z1090122026 ） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究喷施不同浓度叶面钾肥对苹果品种‘瑞雪’果实品质的影响，确定最适宜‘瑞雪’的钾肥浓度，以4年生的‘瑞雪’为试验材料，叶面钾肥种类为K2SO4，设置3个浓度梯度分别为T1（0.1%）、T2（0.3%）和T3（0.5%），以喷施清水为对照（CK）。叶面钾肥分5次施入，第一次施肥时间为5月22日（花后38 d），此后每隔一个月喷施一次。各处理分别于花后45、75、105、135 d和180 d采集果实样品并测定糖组分、糖代谢相关酶活性以及果实基本品质等指标。结果表明：与对照相比，处理组（T1、T2、T3）均显著提高了‘瑞雪’果实的单果质量，分别比CK高12.6%、25.9%和4.4%；果实硬度分别比CK显著提高7.7%、29.6%和12.1%；可溶性固形物含量分别比CK显著提高了1.14、1.95和0.87个百分点；处理组均显著降低了可滴定酸含量，分别比CK降低了0.04、0.05和0.09个百分点。其中，T2处理后的果实单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量最高，单果质量为335.75 g，硬度为9.82 kg·cm-2，可溶性固形物含量为16.35%。T3处理后的果实可滴定酸含量最低，为0.19%。施钾显著提高了新梢叶片中N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量，显著提高了果实中N、K、Ca和Mg的含量，果实中P含量并没有显著上升。T2处理后成熟果实中果糖、蔗糖和葡萄糖含量显著上升，与CK相比分别提高了35.54%、33.22%、25.31%。钾可以提高果实中酸性转化酶（AI）、山梨醇氧化酶（SOX）、山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）和蔗糖合酶（SS）的活性，在花后180 d时，T2处理 AI、SOX、SDH、SS活性相比于CK分别提升了4.54%、2.08%、19.11%、12.81%。相关分析表明，施钾与果实中葡萄糖含量在花后45 d和75 d具有极显著正相关性（r45DAB=0.879**、r75DAB=0.893**）；与山梨醇含量在花后180 d具有极显著负相关性（r180DAB=-0.861**）。施钾与果实中的中性转化酶活性在花后135 d具有极显著正相关性（r135DAB=0.763**）；与山梨醇氧化酶活性在花后45 d和75 d具有极显著正相关性（r45DAB=0.717**，r75DAB=0.880**）；与蔗糖合酶在花后180 d具有极显著正相关性（r180DAB=0.739**）。最适宜‘瑞雪’苹果喷施K2SO4叶面肥的浓度水平为0.3%（T2），此浓度下可以显著提高果实产量和品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of spraying different concentrations of foliar potassium fertilizer on the fruit quality of apple variety ‘Ruixue’, the most suitable concentration of potassium fertilizer for ‘Ruixue’ was determined. Four\|year\|old ‘Ruixue’ was used as the experimental material.The type of foliar potash fertilizer was K2SO4, and three concentration gradients were set as T1 (0.1%), T2 (0.3%) and T3 (0.5%), respectively. Spraying clear water was used as control (CK). Foliar potash fertilizer was divided into 5 stages, the first fertilization time was May 22 (38 days after bloom), and then sprayed every other month. Fruit samples were collected at 45, 75, 105, 135 d and 180 d after anthesis, respectively. The indexes of sugar components, activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism and basic fruit quality were determined. The results showed that compared with the control, the treatment group (T1, T2, T3) significantly improved the fruit quality of ‘Ruixue’, which was 12.6%, 25.9% and 4.4% higher than CK, respectively; the fruit firmness of the treatment group was 7.7%, 29.6% and 12.1% higher than that of CK, respectively; and the soluble solid content of the treatment group was significantly increased by 1.14, 1.95 and 0.87 percentage points, respectively. The titratable acid content in the treatment group was significantly reduced by 0.04, 0.05 and 0.09 percentage points, respectively (P<0.05). Among them, the single fruit weight, firmness and soluble solids of T2 treatment were the highest, the mass of single fruit was 335.75 g, the firmness was 9.82 kg·cm-2, and the content of soluble solids was 16.35%. The titratable acid content of the fruit treated with T3 was the lowest, and the content was 0.19%. Potassium application significantly increased the contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in leaves, and significantly increased the contents of N, K, Ca, and Mg in fruit, but the content of P in fruit did not increase significantly. After T2 treatment, the contents of fructose, sucrose and glucose in mature fruits increased significantly, increased by 35.54%, 33.22% and 25.31% respectively compared with CK. Potassium increased the activities of acid invertase (AI), sorbitol oxidase (SOX), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and sucrose synthase (SS) in fruits. At 180 days after anthesis, the activities of AI, SOX, SDH and SS in T2 treatment increased by 4.54%, 2.08%, 19.11% and 12.81% respectively compared with CK. In terms of correlation analysis, there was an extremely positive correlation between potassium application rate and glucose content in fruit at 45 days and 75 days after anthesis (r45DAB=0.879**, r75DAB=0.893**), and an extremely significant negative correlation with sorbitol content at 180 days after anthesis (r180DAB=-0.861**). There was an extremely significant positive correlation between potassium application rate and neutral invertase activity in fruit at 135 days after anthesis (r135DAB=0.763**), an extremely significant positive correlation with sorbitol oxidase activity at 45 days and 75 days after anthesis (r45DAB=0.717**, r75DAB=0.880**), and an extremely significant positive correlation with sucrose synthase activity at 180 days after anthesis (r180DAB=0.739**). The most suitable concentration of K2SO4 fertilizer sprayed on the leaves of ‘Ruixue’ apple was 0.3% (T2), which could significantly improve the fruit yield and quality. |
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