| 郭晓雯,杨茂琪,叶扬,郭慧娟,闵伟.新疆棉田灰漠土氨氧化微生物群落对灌溉水盐度和施氮量的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(2):231~244 |
| 新疆棉田灰漠土氨氧化微生物群落对灌溉水盐度和施氮量的响应 |
| Response of ammonia\|oxidizing microbial community to irrigation water salinity and nitrogen application in grey desert soil of cotton field in Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.02.25 |
| 中文关键词: 咸水滴灌 施氮量 棉田 氨氧化微生物群落 RDA分析 |
| 英文关键词:saline water irrigation nitrogen application cotton field ammonia oxidizing microbial community RDA analysis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32160742）；新疆生产建设兵团指导性项目(2022DZ011） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用灌溉水盐度和施氮量两因素试验，其中灌溉水盐度设置2个水平：0.35 dS·m-1（淡水，FW）和8.04 dS·m-1（咸水，SW），施氮量设2个水平：0（不施氮，N0）和360 kg·hm-2（施氮，N360），以咸水滴灌的棉田土壤为材料，测定了土壤理化性质和生物学指标，结果显示：（1）咸水滴灌显著增加土壤EC1∶5和NH+4-N含量，分别增加了457.74%和73.02%，但显著降低土壤NO-3-N含量，降低了35.88%；施氮显著增加土壤EC1∶5、NO-3-N和NH+4-N含量，分别增加了32.09%、668.33%和39.88%。（2）咸水滴灌显著降低了土壤潜在硝化势，较淡水处理降低了28.97%；施氮显著增加了土壤潜在硝化势，较不施氮处理增加了317.27%。（3）咸水滴灌显著降低氨氧化细菌(AOB)和全程氨氧化细菌A分支（amoA-clade-A）和B分支（amoA-clade-B）的基因拷贝数，分别降低了81.27%、73.49%和62.51%，但显著增加氨氧化古菌(AOA)的基因拷贝数，增加了487.94%；氮肥施用均显著增加了氨氧化微生物的基因拷贝数，分别增加了511.20%(AOA)、958.13%(AOB)、72.66%(amoA-clade-A)和31.18%(amoA-clade-B)。（4）氨氧化微生物优势菌属为假单胞菌属、嗜甲基菌属、亚硝化螺菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、链霉菌属、硝化螺菌属、寡养单胞菌属、食甲基菌属、螯台球菌属、囊胞杆菌属、亚硝基单胞菌属、红假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和拉姆利式杆菌。（5）咸水滴灌降低了AOA的多样性和丰富度及amoA-clade-A的多样性，但增加了AOB和amoA-clade-B的多样性和丰富度及amoA-clade-A的丰富度；氮肥施用显著降低了AOA和AOB的丰富度及amoA-clade-A的丰富度和多样性，但增加了amoA-clade-B的丰富度和多样性。综上，盐分是影响氨氧化微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子，氨氧化古菌是土壤氨氧化作用的优势物种，而氨氧化细菌和全程氨氧化细菌A分支是咸水滴灌棉田氨氧化作用的主导微生物种群。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Irrigation water salinity and nitrogen application were used in this experiment. Two levels of irrigation water salinity were set as 0.35 dS·m-1 (fresh water) and 8.04 dS·m-1 (saline water), and two levels of nitrogen application were set as 0 (no nitrogen application) and 360 (nitrogen application) kg·hm-2 (represented by FWN0, FWN360, SWN0 and SWN360, respectively). In this study, cotton soil with saline water drip irrigation was used as material to measure the physicochemical properties and biological indexes, and the results showed that: (1) Saline water drip irrigation significantly increased soil EC1∶5 and NH+4-N contents by 457.74% and 73.02%, but significantly decreased NO-3-N content by 35.88%; Nitrogen application significantly increased the contents of EC1∶5, NO-3-N and NH+4-N in soil by 32.09%、668.33% and 39.88%. (2) Saline water drip irrigation significantly reduced the nitrification potential of soil, which was 28.97% lower than that of freshwater treatment. Nitrogen application significantly increased the nitrification potential of soil, which was 317.27% higher than that without nitrogen application. (3) Saline water drip irrigation significantly decreased the gene copies number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and the A branch (amoA-clade-A) and B branch (amoA-clade-B) of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria by 81.27%, 73.49% and 62.51%, but significantly increased the gene copies number of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) by 487.94%. Nitrogen fertilizer application significantly increased the gene copies number of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms by 511.20% (AOA), 958.13% (AOB), 72.66% (amoA-clade-A) and 31.18% （amoA-clade-B）. (4) The dominant bacteria genera of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms were Pseudomonas, Candidatus nitrosocosmicus, Nitrosospira, Bradyrhizobium, Streptomyces, Nitrospira, Stenotrophomonas, Methylovorus, Chelatococcus, Cystobacter, Nitrosomonas, Rhodopseudomonas, Bacillus and Ramlibacter. (5) Saline water drip irrigation decreased the diversity and abundance of AOA and the diversity of amoA-clade-A but increased the abundance and diversity of AOB and amoA-clade-B, and the abundance of amoA-clade-A. Nitrogen application significantly decreased the abundance of AOA and AOB, and the abundance and diversity of amoA-clade-A but increased the abundance and diversity of amoA-clade-B. In conclusion, salinity was the main driving factor affecting the community structure of ammonia\|oxidizing microbial community, ammonia\|oxidizing archaea were the dominant species of soil ammoxidation, and ammonia\|oxidizing bacteria and the A branch of complete ammonia oxidizing bacteria were the dominant microbial populations of ammoxidation in saline water drip irrigation cotton fields. |
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