不同水氮环境下玉米品种的产量稳定性和干物质积累与分配
Differences in Yield Stability and Dry Matter Accumulation and Allocation of Maize Cultivars under Varied Water and Nitrogen Conditions
投稿时间：2024-02-29  修订日期：2024-09-19
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.05.08
中文关键词:  玉米；品种；水氮调控；AMMI模型  产量；干物质积累与分配
英文关键词:Maize  Cultivar  Water and nitrogen regulation  AMMI model  Yield  Dry matter accumulation and allocation
基金项目:国家“十四五”重点研发计划(2021YFD1900705)
作者单位邮编
王辉 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院 杨凌 712100
陈亚飞 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院 杨凌 
许吉利 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院 杨凌 
殷俐娜* 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院 杨凌 712100
王仕稳 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院 杨凌 
邓西平 西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院 杨凌 
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中文摘要:
      为了深入理解不同品种对水氮环境的适应机制和产量形成过程，通过8个玉米品种在6种水氮处理组合下的田间试验，采用加性主效应和乘性互作（AMMI）模型分析不同玉米品种在不同水氮环境下的产量的稳定性，并深入探讨这些品种产量构成因素以及干物质积累与分配的差异。结果表明，军育535、强盛388、美豫22和盛育367为产量稳定性较高的品种，先耕303、秦龙14、西蒙M1711和金北516为产量稳定性较低的品种。稳定性较高的品种百粒重以及吐丝期穗和成熟期籽粒的干物质积累量和分配系数显著较高，但与稳定性较高的品种相比，稳定性较低的品种百粒重在灌溉和施氮下的增幅高了21.64%和49.22%，吐丝期穗以及成熟期籽粒干物质积累量在补灌和施氮下的增幅分别高了14.92%和24.79%和46.96%和27.55%，吐丝期穗和籽粒干物质分配系数在补灌和施氮下的增幅分别比稳定性较高的品种高了58.40%和34.68%以及57.93%和61.19%，最终使产量在补灌和施氮下的增幅高了5.91%和97.02%，从而使得稳定性较低的品种在W0N0处理下产量比稳定性较高品种低了9.60%（P<0.05），但在W1N2处理下比稳定性高的品种高了0.50%（P>0.05）。说明稳定性较低的品种对增施氮肥或补充灌溉的响应更为敏感，在补灌和增施氮肥条件下的提高幅度更高，在较好的水氮条件下可表现出更显著的增产效应。因此，需要对不同品种进行仔细鉴定，选择适宜的水氮管理措施，从而充分发挥出其高产潜力。
英文摘要:
      To investigate the effect of water and nitrogen on environmental adaptation and yield formation in different cultivars, a field experiment was carried out using eight maize cultivars under six different water and nitrogen treatment combinations. The Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model was used to analyze the yield stability and productivity, and the differential responses in dry matter accumulation and allocation among these cultivars under varying water-nitrogen conditions were discussed. The results indicate that , Among the tested cultivars, Junyu 535, Qiangsheng 388, Meiyu 22, and Shengyu 367 are cultivars with higher yield stability, while Xiangeng 303, Qinlong 14, Ximeng M1711, and Jinbei 516 exhibit lower yield stability. Cultivars with higher stability showed significantly higher 100-seed weight and dry matter accumulation and allocation coefficients in ears during silking stage and grains during maturity stage. However, compared to cultivars with higher stability, cultivars with lower stability exhibited increases of 21.64% and 49.22% in 100-seed weight under irrigation and nitrogen application, respectively. The increases in dry matter accumulation in ears during silking stage and grains during maturity stage were 14.92% and 24.79% as well as 46.96% and 27.55% higher, respectively, under supplementary irrigation and nitrogen application. The increases in dry matter allocation coefficients in ears and grains during silking stage were 58.40% and 34.68% as well as 57.93% and 61.19% higher, respectively, compared to cultivars with higher stability. Consequently, the increases in yield were 5.91% and 97.02% higher under supplementary irrigation and nitrogen application, respectively. This resulted in the yield of cultivars with lower stability being 9.60% lower than that of cultivars with higher stability under W0N0 treatment (P<0.05), but 0.50% higher under W1N2 treatment (P>0.05).This indicates that these cultivars with lower stability are more sensitive to changes in nitrogen or irrigation levels, and a more precise water and nitrogen management should be applied in those cultivars, in order to achieve high yield production.
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