| 李刚,付凯勇,王焱栋,李超,魏加练,李春艳,李诚.中性和碱性盐复合胁迫对2个小麦品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):29~41 |
| 中性和碱性盐复合胁迫对2个小麦品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 |
| Effects of neutral and alkaline salt combined stress on seed germination and seedling growth of two wheat varieties |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.04 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 中性盐胁迫 碱性盐复合胁迫 种子萌发 幼苗生长 |
| 英文关键词:wheat neutral salt stress alkaline salt combined stress seed germination seedling growth |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32360445，31860335，31860337）；新疆生产建设兵团青年科技创新人才项目(2023CB008-03)；石河子大学新品种培育专项（YZZX202002，YZZX202103）；石河子大学成果转化项目（CGZH202101) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解不同浓度的中性盐及碱性盐复合胁迫对2个小麦品种‘新冬26号’和‘金石农1号’种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响，分别设置0、50、100、200、300 mmol·L-1的中性盐（NaCl）及碱性盐复合（Na2CO3+NaHCO3，摩尔比1∶1）胁迫浓度，测定小麦种子萌发过程中淀粉粒形态变化、α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量、质膜相对透性、发芽及生长相关指标的变化。结果表明：（1）中性盐胁迫下，‘新冬26号’萌发3 d后淀粉粒降解程度高于‘金石农1号’，而碱性盐复合胁迫下则相反。（2）随盐胁迫浓度的增加，与对照相比，‘新冬26号’小麦在中性盐胁迫下发芽势、发芽率下降幅度分别为3.37%～78.65%、2.25%～42.70%，在碱性盐复合胁迫下相应下降幅度分别为19.10%～100.00%、17.98%～100.00%；‘金石农1号’在中性盐胁迫下发芽势、发芽率下降幅度分别为4.50%～96.63%、3.37%～95.51%，在碱性盐复合胁迫下两指标下降幅度均为2.62%～100.00%。（3）中性盐胁迫下，与‘新冬26号’相比，‘金石农1号’籽粒的α-淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量变化范围分别为-25.59%～3.69%和-69.00%～184.01%；在碱性盐复合胁迫下，与‘新冬26号’相比，‘金石农1号’籽粒的α-淀粉酶活性和可溶性糖含量变化范围分别为-21.54%～40.48%和-15.51%～134.67%。（4）‘新冬26号’耐盐等级在中性盐胁迫200 mmol·L-1和300 mmol·L-1时均高于‘金石农1号’，‘金石农1号’耐碱等级在碱性盐复合胁迫200 mmol·L-1时高于‘新冬26号’。（5）盐敏感指标的回归方程表明中性盐胁迫下小麦种子的平均耐盐临界值和平均致死极限浓度分别为258.24 mmol·L-1和514.62 mmol·L-1，碱性盐复合胁迫下分别为109.47 mmol·L-1和280.05 mmol·L-1。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The wheat varieties ‘Xindong 26’ and ‘Jinshinong 1’, which have different levels of salt and alkali tolerance, were used to study the physiological mechanisms affected by varying concentrations of neutral and alkaline salts on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Five concentration gradients (0,50,100,200,300 mmol·L-1) were set up under the stress of neutral salt (NaCl) and combined alkaline salt (Na2CO3+NaHCO3, mole ratio 1∶1), respectively. The effects of salt stress on starch granule morphology, alpha\|amylase activity, soluble sugar content, relative permeability of plasma membrane, germination index and growth\|related indexes during wheat seed germination were studied. The results showed that: (1) Under neutral salt stress, the degradation degree of starch grains of ‘Xindong 26’ was higher than that of ‘Jinshinong 1’ after 3 days of germination, but the reverse was observed under alkaline salt stress. (2) With the increase of salt stress concentration, compared with the control, the decreasing range of germination potential and rate of ‘Xindong 26’ under neutral salt stress were 3.37%~78.65%, 2.25%~42.70%， respectively, and the decreasing range of germination potential and rate were 19.10%~100.00% and 17.98%~100.00% under the combined alkaline salt stress, respectively. Under neutral salt stress, the decreasing range of germination potential and rate of ‘Jinshinong 1’ was 4.50%~96.63% and 3.37%~95.51%， respectively, under the combined alkaline salt stress, the decreasing range of germination potential and rate were both 2.62%~100.00%. (3) Compared with ‘Xindong 26’ under neutral salt stress, ‘Jinshinong 1’ had a range of alpha\|amylase activity from -25.59%~3.69% and soluble sugar content from -69.00%~184.01%. Compared with ‘Xindong 26’, ‘Jinshinong 1’ had a range of alpha\|amylase activity from -21.54%~40.48% under combined salt stress, the content of soluble sugar varied from -15.51%~134.67%. (4) The salt tolerancce grade of ‘Xindong 26’ was higher than that of ‘Jinshinong 1’ at 200 mmol·L-1 and 300 mmol·L-1 of neutral salt stress, and ‘Jinshinong 1’ was higher than ‘Xindong 26’ at 200 mmol·L-1 of alkaline salt combined stress. (5) The regression equation of salt sensitivity index showed that the critical value of salt tolerance and the lethal limit concentration of neutral salt stress were 258.24 mmol·L-1 and 514.62 mmol·L-1, respectively, and the combined salt stress was 109.47 mmol·L-1 and 280.05 mmol·L-1, respectively. |
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