| 吴钥,乔云发,金丽惠,苗淑杰,吴星瑶,马寅正,余洁.增温及其应对措施对小麦光合特性和酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):42~51 |
| 增温及其应对措施对小麦光合特性和酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of warming and its countermeasures on wheat photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activities |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.05 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 增温 品种 生物炭 氮肥 光合特性 产量 |
| 英文关键词:wheat, warming, variety, biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristics, production |
| 基金项目:江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金（BE2022312）；江苏省农业农村领域重大关键技术攻关项目（BE2022425） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2022—2023年小麦生长季在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站进行大田试验，以当地常规耕种方式为对照（CK），设置3种应对增温措施，分别为选择耐高温品种（CV，‘淮麦33’）、添加生物炭（BC，20 t·hm-2）、增施氮肥（NF，总施氮量增加50 kg·hm-2），采用开放式增温系统将小麦整个生育期的气温提高1.5℃，测定不同措施下小麦旗叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合、酶活性的变化以及植株的生物量和产量。结果表明，全生育期增温使冬小麦旗叶丙二醛（MDA）含量升高、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增强，但增温对小麦旗叶叶面积、SPAD值、光合特性、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响存在生育期差异。增温条件下，添加生物炭和增施氮肥处理孕穗期小麦MDA含量、POD活性、CAT活性分别降低12.50%和21.22%、15.65%和12.91%、19.75%和14.33%，SOD活性分别升高455.75%和395.58%；开花期小麦SOD活性分别下降9.89%和31.89%，CAT活性分别升高20.94%和17.12%，最终产量分别显著增加50.29%和23.45%。改变品种处理的小麦旗叶叶面积、SPAD值、净光合速率和产量无显著变化。因此，应对未来可能的增温环境，添加生物炭和增施氮肥可能是较为有效的措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| From 2022 to 2023, a field experiment was conducted during the wheat growth season at the Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station of Nanjing University of Information Technology. The local conventional farming method was used as the control (CK), and three measures were set to deal with warming. The measures included choosing high-temperature resistant variety (CV, ‘Huaimai 33’), adding biochar (BC, 20 t·hm-2), and applying nitrogen fertilizer (NF, increasing the total nitrogen application by 50 kg·hm-2). An open warming system was used to increase the temperature of the entire wheat growth period by 1.5℃. The flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, enzyme activity, biomass, and yield indicators of wheat were measured under different countermeasures. The results indicated that warming throughout the whole growth period increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat flag leaves and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). However, there were differences in the effects of warming on wheat flag leaf area, SPAD value, photosynthetic characteristics, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during the growth period. Under warming conditions, the MDA content，POD and CAT activities in wheat treated with biochar and increased nitrogen fertilizer application during the booting stage decreased by 12.50% and 21.22%, 15.65% and 12.91%, 19.75% and 14.33%, respectively, the SOD activity increased by 455.75% and 395.58% respectively. The SOD activity of wheat during the flowering period decreased by 9.89% and 31.89%, CAT activity increased by 20.94% and 17.12%, and the final yield significantly increased by 50.29% and 23.45%, respectively. There were no significant changes in flag leaf area, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, and yield of wheat treated with different varieties. Therefore, adding biochar and applying nitrogen fertilizer may be more effective measures to cope with future warming scenarios. |
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