| 於凝,王林林,李玲玲,李世清,罗珠珠,蔡耀辉,李红兵.水肥一体化减氮对陇中地区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):70~78 |
| 水肥一体化减氮对陇中地区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of integrated water and fertilizer nitrogen reduction on potato yield and water use efficiency in Longzhong region of Gansu Province |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.08 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 水肥一体化 减氮 干物质积累量 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:potato integrated water and fertilization nitrogen reduction dry matter accumulation yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1900700）；甘肃农业大学盛彤笙基金（GSAU-STS-2021-21）；甘肃省高校创新基金（2023B-085） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 481 |
| 全文下载次数: 419 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 于2022—2023年在陇中地区开展马铃薯水肥一体化试验，共设置4个种植模式，包括农户旱作高肥模式(T1，基施氮肥260 kg·hm-2，生育期不灌溉)、合作社高水高肥模式(T2，基施氮肥260 kg· hm-2，生育期灌水150 mm)、水肥一体化模式Ⅰ(T3，基施氮肥102 kg·hm-2+追施氮肥98 kg·hm-2，生育期灌水90 mm)和水肥一体化模式Ⅱ (T4，基施氮肥42 kg·hm-2+追施氮肥98 kg·hm-2，生育期灌水90 mm)，探究补灌减氮水肥一体化技术对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：补灌减氮水肥一体化显著促进了马铃薯叶面积指数增长、地上部和块茎干物质积累，显著增加了商品薯率，T2处理下马铃薯生育后期干物质积累速度放缓。2022和2023年，T3处理马铃薯块茎产量较T1处理分别显著提高100.7%和229.1%，较T2处理分别显著提高30.4%和38.6%；T4处理马铃薯块茎产量较T1处理分别显著提高94.4%和216.2%，较T2处理分别提高26.3%和33.1%；T3和T4处理间差异不显著。2022—2023年，各处理间WUE表现为T3>T4>T2>T1；相较于T1处理，T3处理两年WUE分别显著提高46.2%和146.4%，T4处理分别显著提高44.0%和135.7%；与T2处理相比，T3处理两年WUE分别显著提高51.1%和55.1%，T4处理分别显著提高48.9%和48.3%。综上，水肥一体化显著提高了马铃薯产量和水分利用效率，水肥一体化处理下基施氮肥42 kg·hm-2、追施氮肥98 kg·hm-2、生育期补灌90 mm的栽培措施，可作为陇中半干旱地区马铃薯高产高效生产的推荐模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A potato water and fertilizer integration experiment was conducted in the semiarid Longzhong region of Gansu Province from 2022 to 2023, with a total of four planting modes including the dry farming and high fertilizer mode for farmers (T1, basal nitrogen fertilizer 260 kg·hm-2, no irrigation during the growth period), the cooperative high water and fertilizer mode (T2, basal nitrogen fertilizer 260 kg·hm-2, irrigation during the growth period 150 mm), the water and fertilizer integration mode I (T3, basal nitrogen fertilizer 102 kg·hm-2+topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 98 kg·hm-2, irrigation during the growth period 90 mm), and the water and fertilizer integration mode II (T4, basal nitrogen fertilizer 42 kg·hm-2+topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 98 kg·hm-2, irrigation during the growth period 90 mm). The study was to explore the impact of integrated technology of supplementary irrigation, nitrogen reduction, water and fertilizer on potato yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that the integration of supplementary irrigation, nitrogen reduction, water and fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of potato leaf area index, aboveground and tuber dry matter accumulation, and significantly increased the commodity potato rate. However, under the T2 treatment, the rate of dry matter accumulation in the later stage of potato growth slowed down. In 2022 and 2023, the potato tuber yield of the T3 treatment significantly increased by 100.7% and 229.1% compared to the T1 treatment, and significantly increased by 30.4% and 38.6% compared to the T2 treatment, respectively. The potato tuber yield of T4 treatment was significantly increased by 94.4% and 216.2% compared to T1 treatment, and by 26.3% and 33.1% compared to T2 treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between T3 and T4 treatments. From 2022 to 2023, the WUE performance among different treatments was T3>T4>T2>T1. Compared to T1 treatment, WUE of T3 treatment significantly increased by 46.2% and 146.4% over two years, while the T4 treatment significantly increased by 44.0% and 135.7%, respectively. Compared with the T2 treatment, WUE of T3 treatment significantly increased by 51.1% and 55.1% over two years, while the T4 treatment significantly increased by 48.9% and 48.3%, respectively. In summary, the integration of water and fertilizer significantly improved the yield and water use efficiency of potato, the cultivation measures of basal nitrogen fertilizer 42 kg·hm-2, topdressing 98 kg·hm-2, and supplementary irrigation of 90 mm during the growth period under the integration of water and fertilizer treatment can be recommended as a high\|yield and efficient production model for potatoes in the semiarid area of central Gansu. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |