| 姚应上,孙晓雷,柳维扬,尤永军,李发永.秸秆还田与沼液配施对盐渍化土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):117~126 |
| 秸秆还田与沼液配施对盐渍化土壤养分及酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of straw returning and biogas slurry combined application on salinized soil nutrients and enzyme activities |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.13 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 沼液 土壤养分含量 土壤酶活性 南疆棉田 |
| 英文关键词:straw return biogas slurry soil nutrient content soil enzyme activity cotton field in southern Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(42275014)；新疆现代农业产业技术体系(XJARS-06)；新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2021DB019，2021DB015，2022CB001-01，2022CB001-07)；新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划第三期(2021-2023年)培养专项经费 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2023年开展120 d的室内培养试验，设置棉秆全量还田(AS)、低量沼液单施(LB)、高量沼液单施(HB)、棉秆还田配施低量沼液(AS+LB)、棉秆还田配施高量沼液(AS+HB)共5个处理，分别于3、6、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、120 d进行破坏性采样，分析不同处理土壤主要理化指标和关键酶活性的变化，为南疆棉花秸秆在盐渍环境中的高效腐解和沼液合理利用提供参考。结果表明，棉秆还田配施沼液处理的土壤有机质变化呈现快速增加(0~10 d)和慢速积累(>10 d)两个阶段。与棉秆全量还田相比，高量沼液配施处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加25.15%、35.26%、79.25%和66.90%，土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性分别增加90.67%、66.54%和44.25%，土壤电导率也有所提升。冗余分析(RDA)揭示了有机质是土壤酶活性变化的主控因子，解释了方差变异的54.30%。因此，秸秆还田与沼液配施能够增加棉田盐渍化土壤有机质和全氮含量，促进酶活性增加，但沼液过量配施会增加土壤盐渍化风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a reference for the efficient decomposition of cotton straw in saline environments and the rational utilization of biogas slurry in southern Xinjiang, a 120-day indoor cultivation experiment was conducted in 2023. Five treatments were set up, including cotton stem full return (AS), low amount of biogas slurry (LB), high amount of biogas slurry (HB), cotton stem return with low amount of biogas slurry (AS+LB), and cotton stem return with high amount of biogas slurry (AS+HB). Destructive sampling was conducted on days 3, 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120, respectively to analyze the changes in the main physicochemical factors and key enzyme activities of soil under different treatments. The results showed that the soil organic matter treated with biogas slurry showed two stages: rapid increase (0~10 days) and slow accumulation (>10 days). Compared with cotton stem full return treatment， high amount biogas slurry application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 25.15%, 35.26%, 79.25%, and 66.90%, respectively. At the same time, it increased soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase activities by 90.67%, 66.54%, and 44.25%, respectively, and it also improved soil electric conductivity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil organic matter was the main controlling factor for soil enzyme activity changes, explaining 54.30% of variance variation. Therefore, the combination of straw returning and biogas slurry application accelerated the decomposition of cotton straw, increased the organic matter and total nitrogen contents of saline soil in cotton fields, and promoted the increase of enzyme activity. However, excessive biogas slurry application might increase the risk of soil salinization. |
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