| 易杭,张虎国,万胜,王姝婧,王娜,刘晓宁,李建贵.生物炭对骏枣园土壤酶活性和细菌多样性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):136~144 |
| 生物炭对骏枣园土壤酶活性和细菌多样性的影响 |
| Effects of biochar on soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in Jun jujube orchards |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.15 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 骏枣 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 细菌多样性 |
| 英文关键词:biochar Jun jujube soil physicochemical properties soil enzyme activity bacterial diversity |
| 基金项目:2022年度中央引导地方科技发展专项资金（ZYYD2022B15）；新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2020A02002-1）；新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项（XJCYTX-01-03-2021） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2023年3月在阿克苏地区骏枣园开展大田试验，设置生物炭施加水平分别为0(CK)、5(J1)、10(J2)、20(J3)、30 (J4)t·hm-2，探究生物炭对盐碱化土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌多样性的影响。结果表明：相较于CK，J1~J4处理土壤容重降低2.10%~22.38%，土壤pH值升高0.36%~1.32%，阳离子交换量提高6.83%~18.39%，有机质含量增加16.46%~38.12%。J1~J4处理较CK土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别提升6.67%~28.00%、2.94%~45.52%和2.83%~30.29%，蔗糖酶活性变化幅度为-0.42%~27.24%；随着生物炭施用量的增加，4种酶的活性均呈先升高后下降的趋势。与CK相比，J1~J4处理Chao1指数和Shannon指数分别提高7.2%~13.5%和0.15%~0.96%；门水平上排名前10的细菌相对丰度下降4.87%~9.68%。相关性分析显示，土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质及土壤微生物特性存在相关关系，其中酶活性与阳离子交换量呈显著正相关关系，蔗糖酶活性与有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系；Chao1指数（细菌Alpha多样性指数）与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著正相关关系，NMDS1指数（细菌Beta多样性指数）与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。综上可知，10 t·hm-2的生物炭施加量是改善新疆阿克苏骏枣园土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌多样性的最优方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In March 2023, a field experiment was conducted in a jujube orchard in the Aksu region to investigate the effects of biochar on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial diversity of saline\|alkali soils. Biochar application levels were set at 0 (CK), 5 (J1), 10 (J2), 20 (J3), and 30 (J4) t·hm-2. The results indicated that, compared to CK, the soil bulk density in the J1~J4 treatments decreased by 2.10% to 22.38%, soil pH increased by 0.36% to 1.32%, cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 6.83% to 18.39%, and organic matter content increased by 16.46% to 38.12%. Compared to CK, the activities of soil catalase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in the J1~J4 treatments increased by 6.67% to 28.00%, 2.94% to 45.52%, and 2.83% to 30.29% respectively, while sucrase activity varied from -0.42% to 27.24%. The activities of these four enzymes showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the increasing amount of biochar application. Compared to CK, the Chao1 index and Shannon index in the J1~J4 treatments increased by 7.2% to 13.5% and 0.15% to 0.96% respectively, while the relative abundance of the top 10 bacterial phyla decreased by 4.87% to 9.68%. Correlation analysis revealed relationships between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics. Enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with CEC, and sucrase activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with organic matter content. The Chao1 index (bacterial alpha diversity index) was significantly positively correlated with catalase activity, while the NMDS1 index (bacterial beta diversity index) was extremely significantly positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity. In summary, an application rate of 10 t·hm-2 of biochar is the optimal scheme for improving the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial diversity of soils in the jujube orchards of the Aksu region in Xinjiang. |
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