| 王莉莉,谭军利,陈欣,王西娜,田军仓.土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤盐分、pH值及麒麟西瓜产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):145~154 |
| 土壤调理剂对盐碱地土壤盐分、pH值及麒麟西瓜产量的影响 |
| Effects of soil conditioner on soil salinity, pH of saline\|alkali soil, and yield of Kirin watermelon |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.16 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤调理剂 盐碱地 土壤盐分 麒麟西瓜 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:soil conditioners saline\|alkali soil soil salinity Kirin watermelon yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目课题（2021YFD1900605）；宁夏自然科学基金（2022AAC02013）；国家自然科学基金（52369010）；宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（水利工程）项目（NXYLXK2021A03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2022年在宁夏银川设置田间试验，研究土壤调理剂用量（0，300，600 kg·hm-2）对盐碱地土壤盐分含量、pH值以及麒麟西瓜‘美都’的生长、产量和品质的影响，为盐碱地改良和麒麟西瓜高产高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明，土壤含盐量和土壤pH值均随土壤调理剂用量的增加而降低。与不施调理剂对照（CK）相比，调理剂施用量300 kg·hm-2和600 kg·hm-2处理0~20 cm土层土壤含盐量分别降低23.20%和27.99%，土壤pH值分别降低1.87%和3.62%；土壤调理剂处理不同程度提高了土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷含量和西瓜主蔓长、茎粗、叶面积、叶片SPAD值和光合作用，600 kg·hm-2处理的促进效果较好。与CK相比，土壤调理剂施用量300 kg·hm-2和600 kg·hm-2处理麒麟西瓜产量分别提高6.72%和10.97%。西瓜的果皮硬度和纵、横径长度随着土壤调理剂施用量增加而增加，其中600 kg·hm-2处理显著高于CK；同时600 kg·hm-2处理显著提高了西瓜瓜心可溶性固形物和番茄红素含量，较CK分别提高5.66%和3.54%。综上，自制土壤调理剂显著降低了盐碱地土壤盐分含量和pH值，提高了土壤养分含量，同时促进了麒麟西瓜生长，提高了西瓜产量和品质，土壤调理剂用量以600 kg·hm-2为宜。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of soil conditioner (0, 300, 600 kg·hm-2) on soil salt content and pH value, as well as the growth, yield and quality of Kirin watermelon ‘Meidu’were measured through field experiments in Yinchuan, Ningxia in 2022. The goal was to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for improving saline\|alkaline soils and achieving high\|yield, high\|efficiency production of Kirin watermelon. Results showed that soil salt content and pH value decreased with the increase of application rate of soil conditioner. Compared with no soil conditioner application (CK), the soil salinity in 0~20 cm of the treatments with conditioner application rate of 300 kg·hm-2 and 600 kg·hm-2 decreased by 23.20% and 27.99%, respectively, and soil pH decreased by 1.87% and 3.62%, respectively. Soil conditioner treatments increased soil nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and watermelon main vine length, stem thickness, leaf area, leaf SPAD value and photosynthesis at different extent, and the 600 kg·hm-2 treatment had a better promotion effect. Compared with CK, the fruit yield of Kirin watermelon increased by 6.72% and 10.97% with 300 kg·hm-2 and 600 kg·hm-2 of soil conditioner, respectively. The peel hardness and fruit diametar and vertical diameter of watermelon increased with the application of soil conditioner, and the differences between the 600 kg·hm-2 and CK treatments were significant (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the application of 600 kg·hm-2 significantly increased soluble solids and lycopene content of watermelon hearts, which were 5.66% and 3.54% higher than that of the CK treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the soil conditioner significantly reduced the salt content and pH value of saline\|alkali soil, increased the soil nutrient contents, and simultaneously promoted the growth of Kirin watermelon, improving both its yield and quality. The recommended application rate of soil conditioner was 600 kg·hm-2 in the experiment. |
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