| 杨永,柴雨葳,常磊,王泽义,李亚珍,马菊花,徐文杰,刘晓峰,柴娜英,黄彩霞.不同覆盖处理对冬小麦干物质积累转运及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):155~166 |
| 不同覆盖处理对冬小麦干物质积累转运及产量的影响 |
| Effects of different mulching treatments on accumulation and translocation of dry matter and yield in winter wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆带状覆盖 冬小麦 干物质积累、分配与运转 产量 Logistic模型 |
| 英文关键词:straw strip mulching winter wheat dry matter accumulation, distribution and operation yield Logistic model |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31960380）；国家小麦产业技术体系项目（CARS-03-85） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2020—2022年开展2 a大田试验，设置秸秆带状覆盖3行（SM3）、秸秆带状覆盖4行（SM4）、秸秆带状覆盖5行（SM5）与地膜覆盖（PM）4个处理，以露地不覆盖 (CK) 为对照，分析不同覆盖处理对冬小麦返青后干物质积累、花前花后营养器官干物质积累分配与转运以及籽粒产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，各覆盖处理均可增加冬小麦拔节后地上部干物质积累量，提高平均生长速率和最大相对生长速率；秸秆带状覆盖处理生育期天数、快速生长阶段表现为延长，PM处理则相反。覆盖措施促进了干物质在穗轴+颖壳中的分配，提高了花前营养器官干物质向籽粒的转运量和贡献率，处理间表现为PM>SM5>SM3>SM4。与CK相比，两个生长季秸秆带状覆盖处理增产1.94%~18.43%， SM5处理产量最高；PM 处理增产18.47%~27.28%。经济效益分析表明，秸秆带状覆盖处理产投比显著高于PM处理，且SM5处理纯收益最高，较CK增加989.81~1 351.69 CNY·hm-2。综上，覆盖处理有利于冬小麦地上干物质积累和花前干物质向籽粒的转运，其中秸秆带状覆盖5行措施增产、增收综合效果最优，是西北旱地小麦可持续发展的适宜栽培模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A two\|year field experiment was carried out from 2020 to 2022. There were four treatments including straw strip mulching for 3 rows (SM3), straw strip mulching for 4 rows (SM4), straw strip mulching for 5 rows (SM5) and film mulching (PM）, with open field no mulching (CK) as control in the experiment. Effects of different mulching treatments on dry matter accumulation at regreening, dry matter accumulation and distribution in vegetative organs before and after anthesis, grain yield and economic benefit of winter wheat were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with CK, mulching treatments increased the above\|ground dry matter accumulation after winter wheat jointing stage as well as the average growth rate and maximum relative growth rate. The growth days and rapid growth stage of straw strip mulching treatments were extended, while PM treatment was the opposite. Mulching measures promoted the distribution of dry matter in spike axis+glume and increased the traslocation amount and contribution rate of dry matter from anthesis vegetative organs to grains, with the performance of PM>SM5>SM3>SM4. In the two growing seasons, the average yield of straw strip mulching increased by 1.94%~18.43%, among which SM5 had the highest yield. The yield of SM5 treatment increased by 18.47%~27.28%. The economic benefit analysis showed that the output to input ratio of straw strip mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of PM treatment, and SM5 treatment had the highest net benefit, which increased the benefit by 989.81~1 351.69 CNY·hm-2 compared with CK. In condusion, mulching treatment was beneficial to the above\|ground dry matter accumulation and pre\|flowering dry matter transfer to grain, and strawstrip mulching for 5 rows treatment had the best comprehensive effect of increasing yield and income, which can be a suitable cultivation mode for sustainable development of dryland wheat in Northwest China. |
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