| 李波,赵财,殷民兴,王岩,白春生,曹悦,杨莉莉.轮作及减氮对绿洲灌区农田温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):210~220 |
| 轮作及减氮对绿洲灌区农田温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of rotation and nitrogen reduction on greenhouse gas emissions and soil enzyme activities in oasis irrigation areas |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.22 |
| 中文关键词: 轮作 减施氮肥 冬季覆盖作物 绿肥 温室气体 土壤酶活性 |
| 英文关键词:rotation nitrogen fertilizer reduction winter cover crop green manure greenhouse gas soil enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1900202）；甘肃省种业公关和农业科技支撑项目（KJZC-2023-21） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于2018年在武威绿洲农业试验站布设的田间定位试验，设春小麦-冬油菜-箭筈豌豆（WRV）、春小麦-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆（WWV）、春小麦-箭筈豌豆-春小麦-箭筈豌豆（WV）、春小麦连作（W）4种种植模式，减氮25%（270 kg·hm-2，N1）、传统施氮（360 kg·hm-2，N2）两个施氮水平，共8个处理，于2020—2021年测定并分析不同轮作模式结合减氮对农田CO2、N2O排放的影响及其与春小麦产量和土壤酶活性的关系，以期为当地农业绿色高效发展提供理论依据。结果表明：轮作结合减氮处理可显著降低温室气体排放，增加作物产量，以WRVN1处理增产减排效果最佳，其CO2、N2O排放总量分别较WN2处理降低了15.2%、28.0%，全球增温潜势（GWP)、温室气体排放强度（GHGI）分别降低15.7%和30.4%，作物产量增加16.7%。土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均表现为0～10 cm高于10～30 cm土层，轮作降低了小麦开花期土壤酶活性，以WRVN1处理土壤酶活性最低；在N1处理下土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性较N2处理分别降低20.1%~28.7%、8.3%~12.2%，且CO2、N2O排放速率与土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均呈显著正相关关系。综上，春小麦-冬油菜-箭筈豌豆轮作模式结合减氮25%可作为实现绿洲灌区农业增效减排的合理种植模式与施氮制度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the field positioning test in Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station in 2018, four cropping patterns of spring wheat\|winter rapeseed\|common vetch (WRV), spring wheat\|winter wheat\|common vetch (WWV), spring wheat\|common vetch\|spring wheat\|common vetch (WV) and spring wheat continuous cropping (W) and two nitrogen application levels, nitrogen reduction by 25% (270 kg·hm-2, N1) and traditional nitrogen application (360 kg·hm-2, N2), were established. The results from a total of 8 treatments were measured and analyzed in 2020-2021. The effects of different rotation modes combined with nitrogen reduction on CO2 and N2O emissions from farmland and their relationship with spring wheat yield and soil enzyme activity were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the green and efficient development of local agriculture.The results showed that rotation combined with nitrogen reduction treatment significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased crop yield. The WRVN1 treatment had the best effect on increasing yield and reducing emissions. Compared with WN2 treatment, the total emissions of CO2 and N2O decreased by 15.2% and 28.0%, respectively, Global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) decreased by 15.7% and 30.4%, respectively, and crop yield increased by 16.7%. The activities of soil urease and catalase in 0～10 cm soil layer were higher than those in 10～30 cm soil layer. Rotation reduced the activity of soil enzymes in wheat flowering stage, and the soil enzyme activity of WRVN1 treatment was the lowest. The activities of soil urease and catalase under N1 treatment were 20.1%~28.7% and 8.3%~12.2% lower than those under N2 treatment, respectively, and the emission rates of CO2 and N2O were significantly positively correlated with the activities of soil urease and soil catalase. In summary,the rotation mode of spring wheat\|winter rapeseed\|common vetch combined with 25% nitrogen reduction can be used as a reasonable planting mode and nitrogen application system to achieve agricultural efficiency and emission reduction in oasis irrigation area. |
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