| 赵方洋,曹红霞,马丽娜,党小文,万宇,彭美龄,李志军.补充灌溉对黄土高原谷子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(5):44~53 |
| 补充灌溉对黄土高原谷子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of supplementary irrigation on growth, yield, and water use efficiency of millet in the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.05.05 |
| 中文关键词: 谷子 补充灌溉 产量 水分利用效率 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词:millet supplementary irrigation yield water use efficiency Loess Plateau |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点产业创新链-农业领域项目（2023-ZDLNY-46） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究关键生育时期补充灌溉对谷子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响，确定有利于旱区水资源可持续高效利用的补灌策略，本研究以‘晋谷21号’为试验材料，在灌底墒水的基础上，设置6个生育期补灌处理：拔节水（J），抽穗水（H），苗期水+拔节水（SJ），拔节水+抽穗水（JH），拔节水+灌浆水（JF），拔节水+抽穗水+灌浆水（JHF），以不覆膜雨养（CK1）、覆膜只灌底墒水（CK2）为对照，共8个处理，探讨不同处理对谷子株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累与分配、产量及水分利用效率的影响。研究结果表明：补灌处理对不同时期谷子生长发育有不同程度的改善作用，苗期、拔节期和抽穗期补充灌溉下谷子的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量分别较CK2提高了6.04%~43.21%、3.61%~17.89%、3.16%~109.40%和6.93%~22.77%，进而促进谷子的干物质积累；灌浆期补充灌溉可延缓叶片的衰老和失绿速度，使得叶面积指数在生育后期仍保持较高水平（较CK2提高了42.52%~70.56%）。籽粒产量在CK2处理下较CK1显著提高了113.97%，补灌处理较CK2显著提高了11.62%~39.97%，并随着生育期补灌次数的增加而增加；灌溉底墒水并覆膜通过显著提高出苗率进而显著提高公顷穗数并增产，补灌拔节水、抽穗水可通过提高谷子穗数和穗粒数提高产量，补灌灌浆水有利于谷子充分灌浆，提高谷子的千粒重；各处理中以JHF处理的谷子籽粒产量最高，JH处理的产量次之，与JHF处理产量差异不显著，但其灌溉用水量减少19.97%，灌溉水生产力和灌溉效益分别显著提高21.95%和20.34%。综上所述，在黄土高原地区，丰水年型下补灌拔节水+抽穗水的方式是获得较高谷子产量和水分利用效率的有效措施，同时建议拔节期和抽穗期的灌水上、下限分别为田间持水量的50%~80%和60%~90%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the effects of supplementary irrigation on millet growth, yield, and water use efficiency during key periods, and to establish an optimal irrigation strategy for sustainable and efficient water resource use in arid regions, ‘Jin Gu 21’ was selected as the experimental material. Six supplementary irrigation treatments of irrigation at the jointing stage (J), heading stage (H), seedling and jointing stages (SJ), jointing and heading stages (JH), jointing and filling stages (JF), and jointing, heading, and filling stages (JHF) were applied in addition to basal irrigation. Rain\|fed without mulching (CK1) and basal irrigation with mulching (CK2,) were used as control treatments. The effects of irrigation timing on plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, and water use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that irrigation treatments had varying degrees of improvement on the growth and development of millet at different growth stages. Plant height, stem thickness, leaf area index and chlorophyll content of millet under supplemental irrigation at seedling, jointing and heading stages were increased by 6.04%~43.21%, 3.61%~17.89%, 3.16%~109.40% and 6.93%~22.77% respectively compared with that in CK2, thereby promoting dry matter accumulation in millet. Appropriate filling irrigation delayed leaf senescence and maintained a high leaf area index in the late growth stage (42.52% ~ 70.56% higher than that of CK2). Yield was significantly increased by 113.97% under CK2 treatment compared with CK1, and the supplemental irrigation treatments significantly increased by 11.62% ~ 39.97% compared with CK2 and increased with the number of supplemental irrigations during the reproductive period. Irrigating with subsoil moisture water and mulching significantly increased seedling emergence, which in turn significantly increased the number of spikes per hectare and increased the yield. Irrigation at the grain filling stage contributed to adequate grain filling and increased the thousand\|grain weight of millet. The treatment with jointing stage plus heading stage plus grain filling stage irrigation (JHF) had the highest grain yield. Compared to this, the yield of the JH treatment did not differ significantly, but the irrigation water amount decreased by 19.97%, and the irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit increased significantly by 21.95% and 20.34%, respectively. In the Loess Plateau region, the combination of supplementary irrigation at jointing stage and heading stage is an effective measure to obtain higher millet yield and water use efficiency in wet years, and it is recommended that the upper and lower limits of irrigation at jointing stage and heading stage should be 50% to 80% and 60% to 90% of the field capacity, respectively. |
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