| 张刁亮,柴强,殷文,胡发龙,樊志龙.干旱灌区减量灌水下玉米农艺性状、产量及水肥利用效率对间作绿肥的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(5):85~96 |
| 干旱灌区减量灌水下玉米农艺性状、产量及水肥利用效率对间作绿肥的响应 |
| Response of maize agronomic traits, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency to intercropping green manure under reduced irrigation levels in arid irrigation areas |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.05.09 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 间作绿肥 减量灌水 农艺性状 产量 水肥利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:maize green manure intercropping reduced irrigation agronomic traits yield water and fertilizer use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32160765)；国家绿肥产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-22-G-12)；甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA860)；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(23ZYQA0322) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2020—2022年采用裂区试验设计，主区设玉米‖箭筈豌豆(M‖V)和单作玉米(SM)2个种植模式，裂区设高量(I3，400 mm)、中量(I2，340 mm)、低量(I1，280 mm)3个灌水水平，探究间作绿肥对减量灌水下玉米农艺性状、产量、土壤全氮含量、水分利用效率(WUE)及氮肥偏生产力(PFPF)的影响。结果表明，与SM相比，M‖V玉米株高、茎粗、穗位高分别增加6.3%~14.3%、5.4%~12.0%和12.5%~22.1%，玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数分别增加5.7%~20.2%、3.7%~13.6%、2.7%~5.9%和6.8%~17.7%；间作模式下，M‖VI2与M‖VI3处理间玉米株高、茎粗、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数差异不显著，各指标分别较M‖VI1处理显著增加6.7%~7.7%、4.9%~5.8%、7.7%~11.6%、6.2%~11.3%、2.0%~5.1%、1.0%~2.0%和5.2%~10.3%。M‖V较SM玉米增产效果显著，籽粒产量和生物产量分别提高7.7%~27.9%和5.7%~19.2%；间作模式下，M‖VI2与M‖VI3处理间玉米籽粒产量及生物产量无显著差异，两指标分别较M‖VI1处理显著增加5.7%~15.5%和4.7%~8.0%。M‖V较SM显著增加了0~40 cm土层土壤全氮含量、WUE和PFPF，增幅分别为5.8%~7.9%、12.4%~28.3%和7.7%~27.9%；间作模式下，M‖VI2与M‖VI3处理间PFPF无显著差异，较低灌水处理显著增加5.7%~15.5%，M‖VI2较M‖VI3处理WUE显著增加7.7%~10.8%。相关分析表明，间作箭筈豌豆可通过提升土壤全氮含量改善玉米株高、茎粗、穗位高、穗长、穗粗及穗行数，通过增加穗粒数和千粒重保障中量灌水(340 mm)条件下玉米产量不降低，从而提高水肥利用效率。因此，间作箭筈豌豆结合灌水340 mm可作为河西灌区水资源承载安全范围内的玉米间作绿肥高效生产模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A split\|zone experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2022 with a main plot comparing maize intercropped with common vetch (M‖V) and sole maize (SM), and a split\|plot design testing three irrigation levels: high (I3, 400 mm), medium (I2, 340 mm), and low (I1, 280 mm). The objective was to investigate the effects of intercropping green manure on agronomic traits, yield, soil total nitrogen content, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPF) of maize under reduced irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the M‖V treatment significantly enhanced maize plant height, stem diameter, and ear height, with increases ranging from 6.3%~14.3%, 5.4%~12.0%, and 12.5%~22.1%, respectively, compared to SM treatment. Furthermore, intercropping led to enhancements in maize ear length, ear diameter, row number per ear, and kernel number per row, with increases of 5.7%~20.2%, 3.7%~13.6%, 2.7%~5.9% and 6.8%~17.7%, respectively. Within the intercropping patterns, no significant differences were found between M‖VI2 and M‖VI3 concerning maize plant height, stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, row number per ear and kernel number per row. Each of these indices exhibited significant increases of 6.7%~7.7%, 4.9%~5.8%, 7.7%~11.6%, 6.2%~11.3%, 2.0%~5.1%, 1.0%~2.0% and 5.2%~10.3%, respectively, compared to the M‖VI1 treatment. The M‖V treatment demonstrated significant yield improvements over the SM treatment, with grain yield and biomass increase ranging from 7.7%~27.9% and 5.7%~19.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in grain yield and biomass yield between the M‖VI2 and M‖VI3 treatments, and the two indicators were significantly enhanced by 5.7%~15.5% and 4.7%~8.0% compared to M‖VI1 treatment, respectively. Additionally, the M‖V treatment significantly improved total nitrogen content in the 0~40 cm soil layer, WUE and PFPF by 5.8%~7.9%, 12.4%~28.3% and 7.7%~27.9%, respectively, compared to the SM treatment. In the intercropping pattern, no significant differences in PFPF were noted between the M‖VI2 and M‖VI3 treatments, and the lower irrigation treatment resulted in a significant increase in PFPF by 5.7%~15.5%. In contrast, the M‖VI2 treatment exhibited a significant increase WUE of 7.7%~10.8% when compared to the M‖VI3 treatment. The study demonstrated that intercropping with common vetch significantly enhances soil total nitrogen content, which in turn improves various maize plant characteristics, including plant height, stem diameter, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and row number per ear. These improvements ultimately led to an increase in both the grain number per ear and the 1000\|grain weight, ensuring that maize yield was maintained under medium irrigation (340 mm), thereby increasing the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. Consequently, intercropping common vetch with 340 mm of irrigation is recommended as a high\|efficiency strategy for maize intercropping with green manure within the safe range of water resources in Hexi irrigation district. |
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