| 徐晨,任景全,张丽华,张宇航,李前,朱末,齐泽鑫,王洪君,张治安,赵洪祥,边少锋.水分胁迫程度对不同耐旱型玉米品种强弱势籽粒发育的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):38~51 |
| 水分胁迫程度对不同耐旱型玉米品种强弱势籽粒发育的影响 |
| Effects of water stress on development of superior and inferior grains in different drought tolerant maize varieties |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.05 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 水分胁迫 强弱势粒 淀粉合成 植物激素 |
| 英文关键词:maize water stress superior and inferior grains starch synthesis plant hormone |
| 基金项目:吉林省重大科技专项（20220302006NC）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500105，2023YFD230170102）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（20240304135SF）；吉林省农业科技创新工程项目（CXGC2021RCB002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同程度水分胁迫对玉米强势粒和弱势粒发育的生理响应机制，在控制条件下开展连续两年的池栽玉米试验，选用两个耐旱型玉米品种为材料，设置耐旱型品种+不胁迫（T1）、耐旱型品种+中度水分胁迫（T2）、耐旱型品种+重度水分胁迫（T3）、干旱敏感型品种+不胁迫（T4）、干旱敏感型品种+中度水分胁迫（T5）、干旱敏感型品种+重度水分胁迫（T6）共计6个处理，研究不同程度水分胁迫下玉米强势粒和弱势粒的灌浆特性、淀粉合成、激素含量和产量的变化。结果表明：水分胁迫显著影响玉米强势粒和弱势粒的灌浆进程，干旱敏感型玉米品种弱势粒在灌浆后期（45 d、55 d）的灌浆速率与各取样时期的百粒重下降幅度均高于耐旱型玉米品种，中度和重度水分胁迫下的灌浆速率分别平均下降了30.73%和35.36%。弱势粒的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率下降幅度均高于耐旱型玉米品种，其中中度和重度水分胁迫下最大灌浆速率分别平均下降了24.97%和39.68%,平均灌浆速率分别下降了23.54%和36.70%。水分胁迫可显著影响玉米强弱势粒淀粉含量、酸性蔗糖转化酶、淀粉合成酶、蔗糖合酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性与生长素、细胞分裂素和脱落酸含量，以干旱敏感型玉米品种弱势粒变化幅度为最高。与未经水分胁迫处理相比，干旱敏感型玉米品种的产量、穗长、穗直径和穗粒数下降幅度均较高，其中中度和重度水分胁迫下的玉米产量平均下降9.83%和18.57%，成熟期弱势粒百粒重下降幅度均较高，中度和重度水分胁迫下平均下降23.51%和36.34%。综上所述，水分胁迫通过影响玉米弱势粒的淀粉合成与灌浆充实对玉米最终产量产生显著影响，且重度水分胁迫对其影响更为显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the physiological response mechanism of different degrees of water stress on development of superior and inferior grains in maize, a 2-year continuous pond planting maize experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. Two maize varieties with differences in drought tolerance were selected as experimental materials, and a total of six treatments were set up, including drought tolerant variety+no stress (T1), drought tolerant variety+moderate water stress (T2), drought tolerant variety+severe water stress (T3), drought sensitive variety+no stress (T4), drought sensitive variety+moderate water stress (T5), and drought sensitive variety+severe water stress (T6). The study explored the changes in grain filling characteristics, starch synthesis, hormone content, and yield of superior and inferior grains of maize under different degrees of water stress. The results indicated that water stress significantly affected the filling process of superior and inferior grains in maize. The filling rate of inferior grains in drought sensitive maize varieties during the late filling stage (45 d, 55 d) and the decrease in 100-grain weight during each sampling period were higher than those in drought resistant maize varieties. The filling rate under moderate and severe water stress decreased by an average of 30.73% and 35.36%, respectively. The decrease in maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of inferior grains was higher than that of drought resistant maize varieties. Among them, under moderate and severe water stress, the maximum grain filling rate decreased by an average of 24.97% and 39.68%, and the average grain filling rate decreased by 23.54% and 36.70%, respectively. Water stress significantly affected the starch content, acid sucrose invertase, starch synthase, sucrose synthase, and ADPG pyrophosphorylase activities, as well as the content of auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid in superior and inferior grains of maize. The drought sensitive maize variety had the highest degree of change in inferior grains. Compared with untreated maize varieties, drought sensitive maize varieties showed a higher decrease in yield, ear length, ear diameter, and number of grains per ear. Among them, maize yield decreased by an average of 9.83% and 18.57% under moderate and severe water stress, and the decrease in 100-grain weight of inferior grains during maturity was higher. Under moderate and severe water stress, the average decrease was 23.51% and 36.34%. In summary, water stress significantly impacted the final yield of maize by affecting starch synthesis and the filling of inferior grains, with severe water stress having an even greater effect. |
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