| 冉漫雪,孙东宝,丁军军.种植模式对作物产量及间作系统种间关系的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):61~68 |
| 种植模式对作物产量及间作系统种间关系的影响 |
| Effects of cropping patterns on crop yields and interspecific relationships in intercropping systems |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.07 |
| 中文关键词: 轮作 间作 作物产量 种间关系 选择效应 互补效应 |
| 英文关键词:crop rotation intercropping crop yield interspecific relationship selection effect complementary effect |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题“黄土高原旱作适水改土与产量提升技术模式与应用”（2021YFD1900705） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究北方旱作区高效合理的种植模式，选取玉米和毛叶苕子为材料进行田间试验，采用完全随机区组设计，通过轮作和连作与间作和单作相结合，共设置玉米轮作单作、毛叶苕子轮作单作、玉米连作单作、毛叶苕子连作单作、玉米/毛叶苕子轮作间作（玉米轮作间作、毛叶苕子轮作间作)、玉米/毛叶苕子连作间作（玉米连作间作、毛叶苕子轮作间作）共6种种植模式，研究作物产量对种植模式变化的响应特征，以及轮作和连作对间作系统中种间关系及生物多样性效应的影响。结果表明：与连作相比，轮作使毛叶苕子产量显著提升12.66%~21.11%；间作相比于单作使玉米产量显著提升21.92%~26.66%，而使毛叶苕子产量显著降低7.46%~16.43%。不同种植模式中间作系统的土地当量比为1.04~1.09，与单作相比，间作系统存在间作优势，由于玉米的偏土地当量比大于毛叶苕子，且作物竞争强度均小于0，因此间作系统中作物的种间竞争大于种内竞争，且玉米是间作中的优势作物。当种植制度由连作改变为轮作，可通过显著减少种间竞争的方式，驱动玉米和毛叶苕子间作系统增产增效的生物多样性效应由选择效应向互补效应转变。生物多样性效应与作物增产率之间的相关性结果表明，互补效应和净效应与毛叶苕子增产率均呈显著正相关关系，在间作系统中，产量优势源于系统中劣势作物的产量提升。综上所述，山西晋中旱作农业区实施玉米/毛叶苕子轮作间作种植模式可通过改变作物种间竞争关系来提高土地生产力，在当地农业生产中具有应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the efficient and reasonable planting pattern in the northern dry\|crop area，maize and hairy\|leaved camas were selected as materials for the field experiment, which was conducted in a completely randomized block design, combining rotational cropping and continuous cropping with intercropping and monocropping. Six experimental treatments were set up: maize rotation and monocropping, hairy vetch rotation and monocropping, maize continuous and monocropping, hairy vetch continuous and monocropping, maize/ hairy vetch rotation and intercropping (maize rotational intercropping, hairy vetch rotational intercropping), and maize/hairy vetch continuous and intercropping (maize continuous and intercropping, hairy vetch rotational and intercropping). The response of crop yields to changes in cropping patterns, and the effects of crop rotation and succession on interspecific relationships and biodiversity effects in intercropping systems was examined. The results showed that crop rotation significantly increased the yield of hairy vetch by 12.66%~21.11%, compared to continuous cropping under the same cropping pattern. Under the same cropping system, intercropping significantly increased maize yield by 21.92%~26.66% and reduced hairy vetch yield by 7.46%~16.43% compared to monocropping. The land equivalent ratios of the intercropping systems in different cropping patterns ranged from 1.04 to 1.09 and there was a yield advantage of intercropping over monocropping. The biased land equivalent ratio of maize was greater than that of maize, and the intensity of crop competition was less than 0. Therefore, interspecific competition was greater than intraspecific competition in the intercropping system, and maize was the dominant crop in the intercropping. Changing the cropping system from continuous cropping to rotational cropping could shift the biodiversity effect driving yield and efficiency gains in maize and hairy vetch intercropping systems from a selection effect to a shift toward a complementary effect by significantly reducing interspecific competition. By analysing the correlation between biodiversity effects and crop yield increases, it was concluded that both complementary effect and net effect were significantly and positively correlated with yield increases in hairy vetch, and that yield advantages in intercropping systems stemmed from yield enhancement of the disadvantaged crops in the system. In summary, implementing the maize/hairy-leaved camas rotational intercropping system in the dry farming regions of Jinzhong, Shanxi Province enhanced land productivity by changing the competitive dynamics between crop species, demonstrating significant value for local agricultural practices. |
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