| 郝海波,李婷,刘凯,廖欢,杜姣荣,侯振安.减氮配施生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤有机氮和棉花产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):112~120 |
| 减氮配施生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤有机氮和棉花产量的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen reduction with biochar application on soil organic nitrogen and cotton yield in drip\|irrigated cotton fields |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.12 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 氮肥减施 生物炭 有机氮组分 土壤酶活性 产量 |
| 英文关键词:cotton nitrogen fertilizer reduction biochar organic nitrogen fraction soil enzyme activity yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32260806） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 68 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为缓解氮肥减施造成的土壤氮库失衡以及棉花产量降低的问题，于2022—2023年开展田间试验，设置6个处理：不施氮肥（N0）、常规施氮（300 kg·hm-2，N300）、氮肥减施20%（240 kg·hm-2，N240）、氮肥减施40%（180 kg·hm-2，N180）、氮肥减施20%配施生物炭（N240+BC）、氮肥减施40%配施生物炭（N180+BC），研究不同氮肥减施比例配施生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤有机氮组分及棉花产量的影响。结果表明：（1）N240、N180、N180+BC处理土壤全氮含量均显著低于N300处理，N240+BC处理土壤全氮含量两年分别较N240处理显著增加19.49%和22.86%，与N300处理无显著差异。（2）土壤水溶性有机氮、颗粒有机氮和矿物结合态有机氮含量随氮肥减施比例增加出现不同程度降低；与N240处理相比，N240+BC处理土壤水溶性有机氮和颗粒有机氮含量分别显著增加25.28%和51.81%。（3）氮肥减施配施生物炭处理（N240+BC、N180+BC）氮库管理指数较相应减氮处理（N240、N180）分别显著提高48.12%~101.13%和17.97%~41.37%。（4）氮肥减施配施生物炭处理的土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著高于相应氮肥减施处理，增幅分别为30.90%~90.21%、11.24%~102.23%、11.45%~51.73%和10.92%~32.96%。（5）氮肥减施显著降低了棉花产量，且减产幅度随施肥年限的增加而增加；2023年N240+BC处理棉花产量较N240处理显著增加13.79%，同时其两年棉花产量与N300处理相比均无显著差异。综上，氮肥减施20%配施生物炭处理在有效维持土壤氮库容量和供氮能力的基础上保证了棉花产量，可作为新疆滴灌棉田的推荐施肥措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to alleviate the problem of soil nitrogen pool imbalance and reduced cotton yield caused by nitrogen fertilizer reduction, field trials were carried out from 2022 to 2023. The experiment was set up with six treatments: no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), conventional nitrogen application (300 kg·hm-2, N300), 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (240 kg·hm-2, N240), 40% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer (180 kg·hm-2, N180), 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer with biochar (N240+BC) and 40% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer with biochar (N180+BC). Results indicated that (1) soil total nitrogen content of N240, N180, and N180+BC treatments was significantly lower than that of N300 treatment. The soil total nitrogen content in the N240+BC treatment increased significantly by 19.49% and 22.86% compared to the N240 treatment, while there was no significant difference compared to the N300 treatment. (2) The content of soil water\|soluble organic nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, and mineral bound organic nitrogen decreased to varying degrees with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer reduction ratio. Compared with N240, the soil water\|soluble organic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen content in N240+BC treatment significantly increased by 25.28% and 51.81%, respectively. (3) Nitrogen fertilizer reduction with biochar (N240+BC, N180+BC) significantly increased the nitrogen pool management index by 48.12%~101.13% and 17.97%~41.37% compared to the corresponding nitrogen reduction treatments (N240, N180). (4) The activities of leucine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase in soil treated with reduced nitrogen fertilizer and biochar were significantly higher compared to those in treatments with reduced nitrogen fertilizer alone, with an increase of 30.90%~90.21%, 11.24%~102.23%, 11.45%~51.73%, and 10.92%~32.96%, respectively. (5) Reducing nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased cotton yield, with the magnitude of reduction increasing over the years. In the second year, cotton yield in the N240+BC treatment significantly increased by 13.79% compared to the N240 treatment. However, there was no significant difference in cotton yield between the two years when compared to the N300 treatment. The results revealed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% combined with biochar significantly increased total nitrogen, water\|soluble organic nitrogen, and particulate organic nitrogen in drip\|irrigated cotton fields. This also improved the soil nitrogen pool management index and cotton yield, helping to sustain both the nitrogen pool capacity and the soil’s nitrogen supply. |
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