| 廉华,刘静依,马光恕,姜海洋,窦靖玮,李梅.生物炭和木霉菌对黄瓜生长及枯萎病防治效果的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):206~215 |
| 生物炭和木霉菌对黄瓜生长及枯萎病防治效果的影响 |
| Effects of biochar and Trichoderma pseudokoningii on the growth of cucumber seedlings and control effect against Fusarium wilt |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.21 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 木霉 黄瓜 枯萎病 防治效果 |
| 英文关键词:biochar Trichoderma pseudokoningii cucumber Fusarium wilt control effect |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201202） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究外源物质对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果，利用生物炭和拟康氏木霉菌（Trichoderma pseudokoningii）配合施用，通过盆栽试验，测定不同处理对黄瓜幼苗生长、根际土壤酶活性、叶片抗氧化酶活性以及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明：生物炭和拟康氏木霉菌均可以改善黄瓜幼苗质量，提高根际土壤酶活性和叶片保护酶活性，提高对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果，其中以1×104 cfu·g-1尖孢镰刀菌（vFusarium oxysporum）粉剂+40 g·kg-1生物炭+1×106 cfu·g-1拟康氏木霉菌剂（B1T3处理）应用效果最好。在黄瓜播种后30 d，B1T3处理根际土壤蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、蛋白酶活性均显著高于其他处理，分别比CK（1×104 cfu·g-1尖孢镰刀菌粉剂）提高137.44%、143.05%、139.84%、180.00%；黄瓜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性分别比CK提高75.67%、97.32%、71.95%、146.06%；黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根冠比、壮苗指数分别比CK提高86.30%、107.91%、162.50%、228.57%；黄瓜苗期枯萎病盆栽防治效果达到91.21%。研究表明生物炭和木霉菌通过提高黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性和根际土壤酶活性，促进了幼苗形态建成和物质积累，提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the control effect of exogenous substances on cucumber Fusarium wilt, biochar and Trichoderma pseudokoningii were used to determine the effects of different treatments on cucumber seedling growth, rhizosphere soil enzyme activity, leaf antioxidant enzyme activity, and control efficiency against cucumber Fusarium wilt through pot experiments. The results showed that both biochar and Trichoderma pseudokoningii improved the quality of cucumber seedlings, increased enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil and leaf protective enzyme activity, and enhanced the control effect on Fusarium wilt disease. Among them, B1T3 (1×104 cfu·g-1 Fusarium oxysporum powder +40 g·kg-1 biochar+1×106 cfu·g-1 Trichoderma pseudokoningii) was the best. Thirty days after cucumber sowing, the activities of sucrase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and protease in the rhizosphere soil of B1T3 were significantly higher than those of other treatments, with 137.44%, 143.05%, 139.84%, and 180.00% higher than those of CK (1×104 cfu·g-1 Fusarium oxysporum powder), respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase in the leaves of B1T3 cucumber seedlings were 75.67%, 97.32%, 71.95%, and 146.06% higher than those of CK, respectively. The height, stem diameter, root shoot ratio, and strong seedling index of B1T3 cucumber seedlings were 86.30%, 107.91%, 162.50%, and 228.57% higher than those of CK, respectively. The control effect of potted cucumber wilt disease during seedling stage reached 91.21%. Research has shown that biochar and Trichoderma pseudokoningii enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil enzyme activity of cucumber seedlings, promote seedling morphogenesis and material accumulation, and improve the control effect of cucumber wilt disease. |
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