| 张铁毅,杨帆,王志春,邵玺文,周杰,苗月,聂朝阳,张璐,马乐,郭丽颖,耿艳秋,罗雪娇,王润泽.绿肥作物种植翻压对苏打盐碱土壤改良效果的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):225~233 |
| 绿肥作物种植翻压对苏打盐碱土壤改良效果的影响 |
| Effects of planting and overturning green manure crops on improvement of saline\|sodic soils |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.23 |
| 中文关键词: 苏打盐碱土壤 绿肥作物 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 |
| 英文关键词:soda saline\|sodic soil green manure crop soil enzyme activity soil nutrient |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28010403)；国家自然科学基金项目(41971066)；中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020ZKHT-03)；吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目(2022SYHZ0018) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出适宜松嫩平原苏打盐碱地修复的绿肥作物，以松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱地为研究对象，于2022—2023年通过田间试验比较4种绿肥作物（田菁、草木樨、高丹草、‘朝牧1号’稗子）在苏打盐碱地的生长适应性，及其翻压后对土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响，并对各指标进行相关性分析，旨在阐明不同绿肥作物种植翻压入土后对苏打盐碱土壤的改良效果和机理。结果表明：4种绿肥作物中，田菁的生物量干重和鲜重均为最高，在种植第二年产草量达30.35 t·hm-2，是其他绿肥作物的5~35倍；种植翻压第二年，田菁耕层土壤容重为1.17 g·cm-3，较裸地显著降低0.21 g·cm-3、土壤pH显著降低0.15~0.50个单位、电导率显著降低32.22%~51.72%，其他绿肥作物0~20 cm土层土壤容重及pH与裸地无显著差异。在20~40 cm土层，‘朝牧1号’稗子和高丹草土壤电导率较裸地分别显著降低40.00%和31.11%，种植翻压田菁的土壤全氮、全磷、全钾和有机质含量高于其他绿肥处理；在0~20 cm土层，土壤养分提升33.98%~189.75%，种植翻压4种绿肥对耕层土壤酶活性的提升能力存在差异，其中田菁土壤酶活性提升表现优异，其土壤脲酶活性、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、土壤蔗糖酶活性、土壤β-木糖苷酶活性分别较对照处理显著提高685.95%、80.78%、63.42%、19.10%（P<0.05）。综上所述，种植翻压田菁更有利于苏打盐碱地降碱培肥及土壤酶活性的提升。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To identify the suitable green manure crops for the restoration of saline\|sodic soils in Songnen Plain，this study focused on the western saline\|sodic soils of the Songnen Plain. From 2022 to 2023， field experiments compared the growth adaptability of four green manure crops (Sesbania cannabina， Melilotus officinalis, Sorghum bicolor × sudanense，and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv ‘Chaomu 1’) in saline\|sodic soils and their effects on soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities after overturning. The correlation analysis was conducted on various indicators. The goal was to examine the effects and mechanisms of planting and overturning green manure crops on saline\|sodic soils. The results indicated that among the four green manure crops, Sesbania cannabina produced the highest dry and fresh biomass, yielding 30.35 t·hm-2 in the second year of planting, which was 5 to 35 times greater than the yields of the other three green manure crops. In the second year after planting and green manure crops returning, the soil bulk density with the Sesbania cannabina treatment was 1.17 g·cm-3, a significant reduction of 0.21 g·cm-3 compared to the control. The soil pH also decreased significantly by 0.15 to 0.50 units, and the electrical conductivity (EC) decreased significantly by 32.22% to 51.72%, both compared to the control. The bulk density and pH of the soil in the 0~20 cm layer for other green manure crops showed no significant differences compared to the control. In the 20~40 cm soil layer，the EC of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv ‘Chaomu 1’ and Sorghum bicolor × sudanense significantly decreased by 40.00% and 31.11%，respectively，compared to the control. The soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter content of Sesbania cannabina planted and overturned were superior to other green manure treatments. In the 0~20 cm soil layer, soil nutrients increased by 33.98% to 189.75%. The promotion ability of soil enzyme activity by planting and turning over four types of green manure varies. Among them, the enhancement of soil enzyme activity by Sesbania cannabina was outstanding. Compared with the control treatment, the soil urease activity, soil alkaline phosphatase activity, soil sucrase activity and soil β-xylosidase activity of Sesbania cannabina were significantly increased by 685.95%, 80.78%, 63.42% and 19.10%，respectively (P<0.05). In summary, compared to the other three green manure crops, planting and incorporating Sesbania cannabina into the soil is more effective in reducing alkalinity and enhancing soil enzyme activity in saline\|sodic soils. These findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the ecological restoration of such soils. |
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