| 蒋云峰,李安琪,刘俊男,严婷,窦笑萌,王海萌.免耕玉米秸秆还田频率与还田量对中型土壤动物群落的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(6):234~243 |
| 免耕玉米秸秆还田频率与还田量对中型土壤动物群落的影响 |
| Effects of maize straw mulching frequency and amount on soil mesofauna in a no\|tillage system |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.06.24 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田频率 秸秆还田量 中型土壤动物 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词:straw mulching frequency straw mulching amount soil mesofauna community structure |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41401283）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（20160520080JH） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究中型土壤动物群落对秸秆还田量和还田频率的响应机制，设置免耕高频低量秸秆还田(HF-1/3)、免耕高频高量秸秆还田（HF-2/3）、免耕低频低量秸秆还田（LF-1/3）、免耕低频高量秸秆还田（LF-2/3）和作为对照的常规垄作无秸秆还田（CT）5种处理。结果表明：秸秆还田相比常规垄作显著提高了中型土壤动物密度。春季LF-2/3处理中型土壤动物总密度显著高于其他处理，分别是CT处理4.6倍、HF-1/3处理2.6倍、HF-2/3处理2.7倍和LF-1/3处理2.4倍。夏季相同秸秆还田量下，HF-1/3处理显著高于LF-1/3处理，是其3.8倍，HF-2/3处理是LF-2/3处理1.6倍，但相同还田频率下，还田量处理间无显著差异。秋季HF-2/3处理显著高于其他处理，分别是CT处理8.2倍、HF-1/2处理2.5倍、LF-1/3处理2.3倍和LF-2/3处理3.4倍。夏季LF-1/3处理中型土壤动物群落多样性指数显著高于HF-2/3处理，其余季节各处理均无显著性差异。春季HF-2/3处理中型土壤动物群落均匀度指数显著高于LF-2/3处理，夏季HF-2/3处理显著低于CT和LF-1/3处理，秋季HF-2/3处理显著低于HF-1/3、LF-1/3和LF-2/3处理。主要中型土壤动物类群个体密度夏秋季整体表现为在相同还田量下，高频处理高于低频处理。蜱螨目及其中占比较高的甲螨亚目密度对还田频率和还田量响应与总体密度一致。弹尾目春季LF-2/3处理显著高于CT和LF-1/3处理，夏季HF-1/3处理显著高于CT处理，秋季HF-2/3处理显著高于其他处理。春季LF-2/3处理球角跳科个体密度显著高于CT处理，夏季HF-1/3处理显著高于CT和LF-1/3处理；秋季相同还田量下，高频处理显著高于低频处理。秋季HF-2/3处理等节跳科个体密度显著高于CT、HL-1/3和LF-2/3处理。夏季高频还田处理的长角跳科个体密度显著高于低频还田处理。春季LF-2/3处理的双翅目幼虫个体密度显著高于CT；夏秋季均以HF-1/3处理最高。对于蜱螨目与弹尾目密度比，春季LF-2/3处理远大于1并显著高于HF-2/3处理；秋季HF-1/3、HF-2/3和LF-2/3处理趋近于1并显著低于LF-1/3和CT处理。总体来看，相同秸秆还田量下，高频秸秆还田相比低频秸秆还田利于中型土壤动物生存，但在一定的还田频率下还需考虑还田量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To understand the response of soil mesofauna to the straw mulching amount and frequency, this study was carried out at the Conservation Tillage Research and Development Base of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Jilin Province. The study included five treatments: high frequency and low amount straw mulching (HF-1/3), high frequency and high amount straw mulching (HF-2/3), low frequency and low amount straw mulching (LF-1/3), low frequency and high amount straw mulching (LF-2/3), and conventional tillage with no straw mulching (CT) as the control. The results showed that straw mulching significantly increased the density of soil mesofauna compared to CT. In spring, the total density of soil mesofauna in LF-2/3 was significantly higher than the other treatments, being 4.6 times higher than the CT, 2.6 times higher than the HF-1/3, 2.7 times higher than the HF-2/3, and 2.4 times higher than the LF-1/3, respectively. In summer, the total density of soil mesofauna in HF-1/3 was significantly higher than that in LF-1/3, being 3.8 times higher than the LF-1/3, while the HF-2/3 was 1.6 times higher than the LF-2/3 under the same amount of straw mulching. However, there was no significant difference between the different amount straw mulching treatments under the same straw mulching frequency. In autumn, the total density of soil mesofauna in HF-2/3 was significantly higher than the other treatments, being 8.2 times higher than the CT, 2.5 times higher than the HF-1/2, 2.3 times higher than the LF-1/3, and 3.4 times higher than the LF-2/3, respectively. The community diversity index was significantly higher in LF-1/3 than that in HF-2/3 in summer, and there were no significant differences among the treatments throughout the rest of the season. The community evenness index in HF-2/3 was significantly higher than that in LF-2/3 in spring; HF-2/3 was significantly lower than that in CT and LF-1/3 in summer. HF-2/3 was significantly lower than that in HF-1/3, LF-1/3 and LF-2/3 in autumn. Individual densities of the major soil mesofauna taxa groups generally were higher in high frequency treatments than low frequency treatments under the same amount of straw mulching in summer and autumn. The response of the density of Acari and their high proportion suborder of Oribatida to the mulching frequency and amount was consistent with the total density of mesofauna. The density of Collembola in LF-2/3 was significantly higher than CT and LF-1/3 in spring; HF-1/3 was significantly higher than CT in summer; and HF-2/3 was significantly higher than the other treatments in autumn. The density of Hypogastruridae in LF-2/3 was significantly higher than CT in spring; HF-1/3 was significantly higher than CT and LF-1/3 in summer; HF-2/3 was significantly higher than LF-2/3; and HF-1/3 was significantly higher than LF-1/3 in autumn. The density of Isotomidae in HF-2/3 was significantly higher than CT, HF-1/3, and LF-2/3. The density of Entomobryidae in the high frequency straw mulching treatments was higher than that in the low frequency straw mulching treatments. The density of Diptera larvae in spring was significantly higher in LF-2/3 than in CT; the HF-1/3 was the highest in both summer and autumn. For the density ratio of Acari to Collembola, the LF-2/3 treatment was much higher than HF-2/3 and much greater than 1 in spring, whereas it was in LF-2/3, HF-2/3, and HF-1/3 were significantly lower than LF-1/3 and CT in autumn. Overall, under the same amount of straw returning, high-frequency straw returning is better for the survival of medium-sized soil animals than low-frequency straw returning. However, at a certain returning frequency, the amount of returning needs to be considered. |
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