| 李佳乐,肖玉珍,王香,杨甜,张显.不同水氮组合对退砂地西瓜生长和产量及水氮利用效率的调控效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(1):180~191 |
| 不同水氮组合对退砂地西瓜生长和产量及水氮利用效率的调控效应 |
| Regulation effects of different water and nitrogen combinations on watermelon growth, yield, and water and nitrogen use efficiency in sand removal field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.01.19 |
| 中文关键词: 香山硒砂瓜 退砂地 水氮组合 水氮利用效率 宁夏 |
| 英文关键词:selenomardia xiangshanensis sand removal land water and nitrogen combination water and nitrogen use efficiency Ningxia |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区退砂地土壤改良与植物营养调控项目（2022） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在宁夏中卫连续30余年压砂首次退砂的土地进行种植试验，以当地主栽的西瓜品种‘金城5号’为试验材料进行膜下滴灌栽培。灌溉量设置3个水平：常规灌溉（中水W2，3 000 m3·hm-2）、常规灌溉加灌20%（高水W3，3 600 m3·hm-2）、常规灌溉减灌20%（低水W1，2 400 m3·hm-2）和5个施氮水平：N0（0 kg·hm-2）、N1（80 kg·hm-2）、N2（160 kg·hm-2）、N3（240 kg·hm-2）、N4（320 kg·hm-2），采用完全随机区组设计，共15个处理。结果表明：高水处理下，西瓜膨瓜期蔓长在5种氮水平下比中水处理分别提高9.15%、8.41%、8.69%、11.58%和12.00%；中水处理下，伸蔓期、开花坐果期和膨瓜期N2的西瓜蔓长较N0处理提高5.42%~7.13%；N2水平下，3个时期中水较低水处理西瓜蔓长提高2.71%~16.67%。低水处理和高水处理的西瓜可溶性总糖含量分别较中水处理降低13.09%~60.21%和6.69%~9.14%；中水和低水处理下N2处理的可溶性总糖含量较N0分别提高21.19%和70.47%，高水处理下N3处理的可溶性总糖含量较N0提高8.25%。在施氮量相同时，灌水对植株生长的促进作用表现为W3>W2>W1，而对西瓜品质的提高作用表现为W2>W3>W1。当灌溉水平为3 600 m3·hm-2、施氮量为240 kg·hm-2时产量最高，为64 299.67 kg·hm-2。土壤有机质含量和脲酶活性在T4处理下达到最高；土壤全氮含量不会随着施氮量的增加逐渐升高，但会随着灌溉水平提高逐渐升高；在相同灌溉水平下，N1、N2、N3和N4条件下土壤铵态氮含量分别较N0处理平均提高11.90%、16.87%、24.58%和46.39%。提高灌溉量有利于提高氮肥偏生产力，但会使水分利用效率降低，施氮量从N0增加到N4时，W1灌溉水平下的水分利用效率最高。当灌溉水平为3 600 m3·hm-2、施氮量为240 kg·hm-2时，西瓜生长、产量和水氮利用效率最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The watermelon cultivar ‘Jincheng No. 5’, the main watermelon cultivar in Zhongwei, Ningxia, was used as the experimental material for planting experiment. Three levels of irrigation were set: conventional irrigation (medium water W2, 3 000 m3·hm-2), conventional irrigation plus 20% (high water W3, 3 600 m3·hm-2), conventional irrigation minus 20% (low water W1, 2 400 m3·hm-2). Five nitrogen application levels including N0 (0 kg·hm-2), N1 (80 kg·hm-2), N2 (160 kg·hm-2), N3 (240 kg·hm-2), and N4 (320 kg·hm-2) were used in the experimental design, with a total of 15 treatments. The results showed that the growth of watermelon plants under high water treatment increased by 9.15%, 8.41%, 8.69%, 11.58% and 12.00%, respectively, compared with that under medium water treatment. Under medium water treatment, watermelon vine length of N2 increased by 5.42%~7.13% compared with N0, and 2.71%~16.67% under lower water treatment. The total soluble sugar content of watermelon under low water treatment decreased by 13.09% to 60.21% compared to medium water treatment, whereas under high water treatment, it decreased by 6.69% to 9.14%. The total soluble sugar under N2 treatment was increased by 21.19% and 70.47% compared with N0 under medium water and low water treatment, respectively. Under high water treatment, the total soluble sugar under N3 treatment was 8.25% higher than that under N0 treatment. Under the same nitrogen application, the promoting effect of irrigation on plant growth was W3>W2>W1, and the effect on watermelon quality was W2>W3>W1. The highest yield was 64 299.67 kg·hm-2 when the irrigation level was 3 600 m3·hm-2 and the nitrogen application was 240 kg·hm-2. Soil organic matter content and urease activity reached the highest level under T4 treatment. The total nitrogen content in the soil did not increase consistently with higher nitrogen application rates, however, it did increase gradually with higher irrigation levels. At the same irrigation level, the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil under N1, N2, N3, and N4 application conditions increased by 11.90%, 16.87%, 24.58%, and 46.39%, respectively, compared to N0. The increase of irrigation rate was beneficial to the increase of nitrogen partial productivity, but it will reduce the water use efficiency. When the nitrogen application rate increased from N0 to N4, the water use efficiency under W1 irrigation level was the highest. When the irrigation level was 3 600 m3·hm-2 and the nitrogen application rate was 240 kg·hm-2, the growth, yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of watermelon were the best. |
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