| 张景灿,徐其江,张永强,曾潮武,毕海燕,雷钧杰,陈传信,聂石辉,徐文修,李杰,陈慧.新疆近40年春小麦品种光合生理遗传多样性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):13~21 |
| 新疆近40年春小麦品种光合生理遗传多样性分析 |
| Analysis of photosynthetic physiology and genetic diversity in spring wheat varieties from Xinjiang over the past 40 years |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.02 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦品种 光合生理 遗传多样性 干物质积累 产量 新疆 |
| 英文关键词:spring wheat variety photosynthetic physiology genetic diversity dry matter accumulation yield Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2021B02002-1，2022B02001-3）；新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划项目（2023TSYCCX0013,2023TSYCLJ0009）；新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目（2022SNGGNT062）；国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站项目(CARS-03-94)；新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目（XJARS-01）；国家自然科学基金（31960379，51879267） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以1985—2024年审定的65份不同年代春小麦品种为研究对象，分析其灌浆期干物质分配占比，对小麦主要光合生理指标进行遗传变异、相关性、聚类及主成分分析，并开展综合评价。结果表明，不同品种间农艺性状具有丰富的遗传多样性，65份小麦材料多样性指数介于1.81~2.03之间，其中Ci(胞间CO2浓度)最大，为2.03，最大光合效率比率（Fo/Fm）最小，为1.81。主成分分析将8个性状转化为3个主成分，累计贡献率达73.429%，其中，Fv/Fm对产量影响最大，贡献值达0.923。随着审定年份的推进，叶片和穗的干物质占比呈上升趋势，茎秆的干物质占比呈下降趋势，产量呈上升趋势，各品种产量介于4 443.3~8 582.4 kg·hm-2之间。结合3个主成分因子的贡献率权重和不同年代小麦品种产量表现，筛选出‘新春41号’、‘新春31号’、‘新春47号’、‘新春40号’、‘新春46号’、‘粮春1354’、‘新春37号’、‘新春30号’、‘粮春1758’和‘新春34号’10个品种，其中‘新春47号’的产量最高（8 143.20 kg·hm-2）,可作为高光效品种在新疆地区进行育种利用和推广种植。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using 65 spring wheat varieties of different ages approved from 1985 to 2024 as materials, the proportion of dry matter allocation during the grain filling stage was analyzed. Genetic variation, correlation, clustering, and principal component analysis were performed on the main photosynthetic physiological indicators of wheat, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted. The results showed that there was rich genetic diversity in agronomic traits among different varieties. The diversity index of 65 wheat materials ranged from 1.81 to 2.03, with the highest intercellular CO2 concentration at 2.03 and the lowest Fo/Fm at 1.81. The principal component analysis transformed the eight traits into three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.429%. Among them, Fv/Fm had the greatest impact on yield, with a contribution value of 0.923. With the advancement of the approval year, the proportion of dry matter in leaves and ears showed an upward trend, while the proportion of dry matter in stems showed a downward trend. The yield showed an upward trend with the advancement of the approval year, and the yield varied between 4 443.3~8 582.4 kg·hm-2 among different varieties. Based on the contribution rate weights of the three principal component factors and the yield performance of wheat varieties from different years, the following 10 varieties were selected: ‘Xinchun 41’, ‘Xinchun 31’, ‘Xinchun 47’, ‘Xinchun 40’, ‘Xinchun 46’, ‘Liangchun 1354’, ‘Xinchun 37’, ‘Xinchun 30’, ‘Liangchun 1758’, and ‘Xinchun 34’. Among them, ‘Xinchun 47’ had the highest yield (8 143.20 kg·hm-2) and can be used as a high photosynthetic efficiency variety for breeding, utilization and promotion in Xinjiang region. |
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