加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

王久久; 牛文全; 李田田; 王贺; 李燕妮; 杜娅丹

王久久,牛文全,李田田,王贺,李燕妮,杜娅丹.加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):44~53

加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of aerated drip irrigation and nitrogen application on physiological characteristics, yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in salt\|stressed cotton

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.05

中文关键词: 棉花加气滴灌盐胁迫施氮生长氮肥利用

英文关键词:otton aerated drip irrigation salt stress nitrogen application growth nitrogen fertilizer utilization

基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划（2022YFD1900401）

作者	单位
王久久	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
牛文全	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
李田田	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
王贺	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
李燕妮	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
杜娅丹	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

为探明加气滴灌与施氮耦合提高作物耐盐胁迫的机制，本研究采用桶栽随机试验，设置2个盐胁迫水平6.2（S1）、12.3（S2）dS·m^-1和5个施氮（尿素）水平0（N0）、100（N1）、200（N2）、300（N3）、400（N4）kg·hm^-2，以非盐渍化土壤、不加气及常规施氮量（300 kg·hm^-2）为对照（CK），分析加气滴灌与施氮对盐胁迫棉花生长生理特性、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果初步表明：盐胁迫显著降低棉花的光合作用，抑制棉花生长。随着施氮量的增加，S1处理的净光合速率（P_n）和干物质量显著提高了32.52%～53.30%和178.07%～264.37%，S2处理的P_n降低了13.27%～47.29%，干物质量提高了49.79%～178.72%。S2较S1处理根和茎中氮含量提高了4.78%～55.41%和17.65%～37.36%，而叶和铃中分别降低了9.21%～32.86%和7.39%～41.87%。加气滴灌下根据土壤盐分状况适量施氮，可以减轻盐胁迫造成棉花产量的下降。中盐胁迫（6.2 dS·m^-1）下，加气滴灌氮肥施用量为200 kg·hm^-2时籽棉产量最高（2 359.92 kg·hm^-2）。高盐胁迫（S2）处理棉花产量显著降低，且各施氮处理间无显著差异，加气滴灌结合低施氮量（100 kg·hm^-2）可使产量最大化。

英文摘要:

To investigate the mechanism by which aerated drip irrigation coupled with nitrogen application improves crop tolerance to salt stress, this study employed a randomized bucket trial. The experiment included two salt stress levels, 6.2 dS·m^-1 (S1) and 12.3 dS·m^-1 (S2), along with five nitrogen (urea) application rates: 0 kg·hm^-2 (N0), 100 kg·hm^-2 (N1), 200 kg·hm^-2 (N2), 300 kg·hm^-2 (N3), and 400 kg·hm^-2 (N4). Non\|salted soil, non-aerated irrigation, and conventional nitrogen application (300 kg·hm^-2) served as the control (CK). The study analyzed the effects of aerated drip irrigation and nitrogen application on the physiological growth characteristics, yield, and nitrogen uptake and utilization in salt\|stressed cotton.Preliminary results indicated that salt stress significantly reduced photosynthesis and inhibited cotton growth. However, increasing nitrogen application significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and dry matter mass by 32.52% to 53.30% and 178.07% to 264.37%, respectively, under the S1 treatment. In contrast, under the S2 treatment, P_n decreased by 13.27% to 47.29%, while dry matter mass increased by 49.79% to 178.72%.The nitrogen content in the roots and stems of the S2 treatment increased by 4.78% to 55.41% and 17.65% to 37.36%, respectively, compared to the S1 treatment, while the nitrogen content in the leaves and bells decreased by 9.21% to 32.86% and 7.39% to 41.87%, respectively. Moderate application of nitrogen under aerated drip irrigation, tailored to soil salinity conditions, could help mitigate the reduction in cotton yield caused by salt stress.Under medium salt stress (6.2 dS·m^-1),the highest seed cotton yield was achieved when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of aerated drip irrigation was 200 kg·hm^-2. High salt stress (S2) treatment significantly reduced cotton yield, with no significant difference observed between the nitrogen treatments. Aerated drip irrigation with a low nitrogen application rate (100 kg·hm^-2) was applied to maximize yield.

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