| 陈虹,郭炎,关婷,刘鹏,樊明寿,贾立国.苗期水分亏缺对马铃薯生长发育及碳代谢的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):77~85 |
| 苗期水分亏缺对马铃薯生长发育及碳代谢的影响 |
| Effects of water deficit on potato growth, development and carbon metabolism at the seedling stage |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.08 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 苗期水分亏缺 复水 碳水化合物代谢 生长 |
| 英文关键词:potato seedling water deficit rehydration carbohydrate metabolism growth |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金 (32360536, 32160511)；内蒙古自治区基本科研业务费(BR 22-13-01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 试验采用大棚种植，在苗期设置3个水分灌溉梯度，即充分灌溉(M65)、轻度亏缺(M50)与重度亏缺(M35)，测定马铃薯全生育时期叶面积指数与生物量，在成熟期测定产量及其构成因子，比较水分胁迫及复水过程中马铃薯叶片与块茎中蔗糖合成酶（SS-合成方向）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AG-Pase）、淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性变化，以及碳代谢产物蔗糖与淀粉含量的变化。结果表明，在苗期轻度水分胁迫复水后，马铃薯叶面积指数以及生物量显著高于对照，在淀粉积累期分别高出29.11%和13.21%，产量较对照显著提高15.08%。水分胁迫下，叶片中SS-合成方向、AG-Pase活性显著增强，轻度亏缺处理较对照分别增加264.91%和762.39%，重度亏缺处理较对照分别增加144.94%和251.28%；叶片中SPS活性显著降低，轻度亏缺处理较对照降低47.16%，重度亏缺处理较对照降低83.01%；轻度亏缺处理中SSS活性与对照差异不显著，重度亏缺处理较对照显著降低37%；轻度亏缺处理叶片中蔗糖与淀粉含量显著增加，较对照分别增加1.81%和19.70%。复水后，轻度亏缺处理叶片中SPS、SS-合成方向、AG-Pase活性均恢复至对照水平，淀粉含量显著下降38.14%~69.69%，恢复源的供应能力；轻度亏缺处理块茎中SSS活性较对照显著增加29.72%，其余酶活性恢复至对照水平，蔗糖、淀粉含量有增加的趋势，增强库的活力。马铃薯叶片中蔗糖与淀粉含量显著正相关，块茎中淀粉含量与AG-Pase、SSS活性显著正相关。研究表明马铃薯苗期适度水分亏缺-复水重构了源库关系而实现植株的补偿性生长，有利于马铃薯高产和水分增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this experiment, three water irrigation gradients were applied at the seedling stage: full irrigation (M65), mild deficit (M50), and severe deficit (M35). The leaf area index and biomass were measured throughout the growth stage, while yield and its components were assessed at the maturity stage. Additionally, the activities of sucrose synthase (SS-synthesis direction), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and starch synthase (SSS) were analyzed, along with changes in the content of carbon metabolites, sucrose, and starch. The results showed that the leaf area index and biomass of potato were significantly higher than those of the control group after rewatering under mild water stress at the seedling stage, which were 29.11% and 13.21% higher at the starch accumulation stage, respectively, and the yield was also significantly higher than that of the control. Under water stress, the SS-synthesis direction and AG-Pase activity in leaves were significantly enhanced, and the mild deficit treatment increased by 264.91% and 762.39%, respectively, and the severe deficit treatment increased by 144.94% and 251.28%, respectively. The activity of SPS in leaves was significantly reduced, with mild deficiency treatment decreasing by 47.16% and severe deficiency treatment decreasing by 83.01% compared with the control treatment. There was no significant difference in SSS activity between mild deficiency treatment and control, and severe deficiency treatment was significantly lower than that of control. The contents of sucrose and starch in mildly deficient treatment leaves increased significantly by 1.81% and 19.70%, respectively, compared with the control. After rewatering, the activities of SPS, SS-synthesis direction and AG-Pase in mildly deficient treatment leaves were restored to the control level, and the starch content decreased significantly by 38.14%~69.69%, restoring the supply capacity of the source. Compared with the control, the SSS activity in the mildly deficient treatment tubers increased by 29.72%, and the other enzyme activities returned to the control level, and the contents of sucrose and starch increased, which enhanced the activity of the reservoir. There was a significant positive correlation between sucrose and starch content in potato leaves, and a significant positive correlation between starch content and AG-Pase and SSS activities in tubers. The results demonstrated that a moderate water deficit followed by rewatering during the potato seedling stage reconstructed the source\|sink relationship, enabling compensatory plant growth and contributing to higher potato yield and improved water\|use efficiency. |
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