| 余城,苏新建,邹养军,龚小庆.叶面追施氮肥对矮化密植苹果生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):95~104 |
| 叶面追施氮肥对矮化密植苹果生长发育、品质及产量的影响 |
| Effects of foliar topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on growth, quality and yield of dwarf densely planted apple |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.10 |
| 中文关键词: 矮化密植苹果 叶面追施氮肥 尿素 槐糖脂 喷施时期 |
| 英文关键词:dwarf densely planted apple foliar topdressing nitrogen fertilizer urea sophorolipid spraying period |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2301000）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2452022118）；国家苹果产业技术体系专项（CARS-27）；陕西省重大科技专项（2020zdzx03-01-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以6年生‘岩富10号’/M26矮化自根砧苹果树为试材，设置4个喷施时期（萌芽期，落花期，幼果期，果实膨大期），2种叶面施氮方式（0.4%尿素，0.4%尿素+5 g·L-1槐糖脂），以果园中不施叶面氮肥的果树为对照，其他管护措施如常，共9个处理，探究叶面追施氮肥不同时期和方式对矮化密植苹果生长发育、品质及产量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，叶面施氮处理均在一定程度上优化了果树各项生理指标，提高了果实品质及产量，各个时期的喷施效果综合表现为：落花期>萌芽期>幼果期>果实膨大期。同一喷施时期，叠加槐糖脂的处理要优于单独的尿素处理。在落花期，与单独喷施尿素处理（F3）相比，叠加槐糖脂（F4）后显著提高了叶面积（3.75%）、百叶重（3.34%）、叶绿素相对含量（2.33%）、叶片全氮含量（1.58%）和净光合速率（7.13%）；单果质量、色差a*值、果皮延展性和产量也分别显著提高了4.00%、4.63%、3.37%和4.00%。综合比较，落花期以0.4%尿素+5 g·L-1槐糖脂喷施效果最好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A 6-year-old dwarf self\|rooted apple tree ‘Yanfu 10’ grafted on M26 rootstock was used as the experimental material. The study included 4 spraying periods (germination period, flowering period, young fruit period, and fruit enlargement period) and 2 foliar nitrogen topdressing methods (0.4% urea and 0.4% urea + 5 g·L-1sophorolipid). Trees without foliar nitrogen topdressing in the orchard served as the control, with other management measures remaining standard. In total, 9 treatments were established to investigate the effects of different foliar nitrogen application periods and methods on the growth, quality, and yield of dwarf, high\|density apple trees.The results showed that: compared with the control, the foliar application of nitrogen improved the physiological indicators of fruit trees, fruit quality and yield to some extent. The spraying effect of each period was as follows: flowering period> germination period> young fruit period> fruit enlargement period. At the same spraying period, the treatment of superimposed sophorolipid was better than that of urea alone. At flowering period, compared with urea alone (F3), the treatment of superimposed sophorolipid (F4) significantly increased leaf area (3.75%), weight of 100 leaves(3.34%), relative chlorophyll content (2.33%), total nitrogen content (1.58%), and net photosynthetic rate (7.13%). Single fruit weight, color difference a* value, peel ductility and yield were also significantly increased by 4.00%, 4.63%, 3.37% and 4.00%, respectively. Comprehensively, the spraying effect of 0.4% urea + 5 g·L-1sophorolipid at flowering period was the best. |
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