| 邝雨欣,张体彬,程煜,高伟强,梁青,童建康,冯浩,郁明军.有机无机肥配施对盐渍化农田无机态氮迁移和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):105~115 |
| 有机无机肥配施对盐渍化农田无机态氮迁移和玉米生长的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on inorganic nitrogen movement and maize growth in salinity soils |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.11 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 盐渍土 有机无机肥配施 无机氮迁移 氮素利用率 |
| 英文关键词:summer maize salinity soil combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers inorganic nitrogen movement nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2001400)；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2023-ZDLNY-53） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以渭北地区盐渍化农田为研究对象，以不施肥（CK）为对照，在同一施氮量（ 240 kg·hm-2）下，根据等氮替代原则，设置5个有机无机肥配施处理，分别为有机肥氮替代0%（OF0）、25%（OF1）、50%（OF2）、75%（OF3）、100%（OF4）的化肥氮，研究在玉米不同生育期内土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量及作物生长与氮素利用的变化。结果表明：（1）与OF0相比，有机无机肥配施（OF1~OF4处理）0~40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量平均提高32.95%；其中OF3处理0~20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量显著提高52.32%（P<0.05）。（2）随着有机肥配施比例的增加，玉米株高、叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势，OF1、OF2处理玉米生长发育最佳，产量分别较OF0处理显著提高18.29%和10.90%（P<0.05）。（3）在玉米成熟期，OF1、OF2处理籽粒含氮量分别较OF0处理显著增加23.8%和18.5%（P<0.05），籽粒氮素累积量分别较OF0处理增加1.47%和12.03%。（4）与OF0处理相比，各有机无机肥配施处理均不同程度提高了玉米氮素农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率和氮肥表观利用率，其中OF1和OF2处理与其余处理间均达到显著性差异（P<0.05）。综上，在等氮条件下，在渭北地区盐渍化农田中，有机肥氮替代25%化肥氮是可行的施肥措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the challenges of improper fertilizer application and low nitrogen use efficiency in salinized farmland, this study investigated the effects of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application on soil nitrogen dynamics and crop growth. The research focused on salinized farmland in the Weibei area, using a consistent nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·hm-2. A no\|fertilizer treatment (CK) served as the control, and five combined application ratios of organic fertilizer were tested with three replicates: 0% (OF0), 25% (OF1), 50% (OF2), 75% (OF3), and 100% (OF4). We then analyzed the effects of soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, crop growth, and nitrogen use efficiency during different growth stages of maize. The results indicated: （1） Compared with OF0, the application of nitrogen fertilizer (OF1~OF4) increased the average nitrate\|nitrogen content of the soil in the 0~40 cm layer by 32.95%. Among them, OF3 significantly increased the nitrate\|nitrogen content of the 0~20 cm layer by 52.32% (P<0.05). （2）With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, the maize plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and dry matter showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, OF1 and OF2 showed the best growth of maize, and the yield were significantly increased by 18.29% and 10.90% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with OF0. （3）At the maturity stage, the nitrogen content of grains in OF1 and OF2 were significantly increased by 23.8% and 18.5% (P<0.05), and the nitrogen accumulation of grains was increased by 1.47% and 12.03% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with OF0. （4）Compared with OF0, all combined application of organic and inorganic treatments increased maize nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity, nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate and nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization rate to different extents, OF1 and OF2 reaching significant differences with the rest of the treatments (P<0.05). In summary, under equal nitrogen conditions, replacing 25% of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen is a practical fertilization strategy for salinized farmland in the Weibei region. |
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