| 王子健,王鹤鹏,王江丽,徐红军,刘硕,姚晓梅.水氮互作对焉耆盆地滴灌春小麦根系形态及土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):116~127 |
| 水氮互作对焉耆盆地滴灌春小麦根系形态及土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of water and nitrogen interaction on root morphology and soil enzyme activity in drip\|irrigated spring wheat in the Yanqi Basin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.12 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌 春小麦 根系形态 土壤酶活性 产量 氮素利用率 焉耆盆地 |
| 英文关键词:drip irrigation spring wheat root morphology soil enzyme activity yield nitrogen use efficiency Yanqi Basin |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目（2021DB010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索焉耆盆地高产麦田水氮供给的适宜模式，采用裂区设计，以春小麦品种‘新春38号’（XC38）和‘新春45号’（XC45）为材料，亏缺灌溉W1（4 500 m3·hm-2）和适宜灌溉W2（6 000 m3·hm-2）为主区，N0（施氮量0 kg·hm-2）、N1（施氮量300 kg·hm-2）、N2（施氮量400 kg·hm-2）为副区，共6个处理（W1N0，W1N1，W1N2，W2N0，W2N1，W2N2），研究适宜灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下施氮量对滴灌春小麦根系形态及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，‘新春38号’和‘新春45号’两品种土壤酶活性最高的均为W2N1处理，土壤酶活性随生育时期的推进呈先增后减的趋势，开花期达到峰值，其土壤脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性分别为2.62 mg·g-1·d-1和0.56 mg·g-1·d-1，分别较其他处理增加1.1%~77.5%和4.6%~134.6%。W2N1处理的根系平均直径、根体积密度和根表面积密度与土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性呈显著正相关关系。开花期两品种0~60 cm土层根系平均直径和根体积密度最大的为W2N1处理，分别较其他处理增加10.3%~52.2%和6.7%~52.1%；两品种根长密度最大的为W1N1处理，较其他处理增加3.1%~54.0%；‘新春38号’和‘新春45号’根表面积密度最大的分别为W2N1和W1N1处理，分别较其他处理提高4.2%~19.6%和7.5%~37.7%。W2N1的实际产量较其他处理提高20.1%~117.5%，氮素偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别提高35.7%~268.3%和25.5%~166.4%。综上，灌溉量6 000 m3·hm-2+施氮量300 kg·hm-2模式可提高焉耆盆地土壤酶活性，有利于春小麦根系生长，同时促进产量形成。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the optimal water and nitrogen supply mode for high\|yield wheat fields in the Yanqi Basin, a split\|zone design was implemented. The wheat varieties ‘Xinchun 38’ (XC38) and ‘Xinchun 45’ (XC45) were used as experimental materials. The main plots consisted of two water levels: W1 (4 500 m3·hm-2) and W2 (6 000 m3·hm-2), while the subplots included three nitrogen levels: N0 (0 kg·hm-2), N1 (300 kg·hm-2), and N2 (400 kg·hm-2). A total of 6 treatments (W1N0, W1N1, W1N2, W2N0, W2N1, W2N2) were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate on root morphology and soil enzyme activities of drip irrigation spring wheat under suitable irrigation and deficit irrigation conditions. The results showed that the highest soil enzyme activity of ‘Xinchun 38’ and ‘Xinchun 45’ was W2N1 treatment, and the soil enzyme activity increased first and then decreased with the advancement of growth stage, reaching the peak at flowering stage, and the soil urease and protease activity were 2.62 mg·g-1·d-1 and 0.56 mg·g-1·d-1, respectively, which increased by 1.1%~77.5% and 4.6%~134.6% compared with other treatments. The average root diameter, root volume density and root surface area density of W2N1 treatment were significantly positively correlated with soil urease and protease activity. The average root diameter and root volume density of the two varieties in the 0~60 cm soil layer at the flowering stage were the largest in W2N1 treatment, which increased by 10.3%~52.2% and 6.7%~52.1%, respectively, compared with other treatments. The highest root length density of the two varieties was W1N1 treatment, which increased by 3.1%~54.0% compared with other treatments. The largest root surface area densities of ‘Xinchun 38’ and ‘Xinchun 45’ were W2N1 and W1N1 treatments, respectively, which were 4.2%~19.6% and 7.5%~37.7% higher than those of other treatments, respectively. Compared to other treatments, the actual yield of W2N1 increased by 20.1%~117.5%, while the partial productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer improved by 35.7%~268.3% and 25.5%~166.4%, respectively. In conclusion, an irrigation rate of 6 000 m3·hm-2 combined with a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg·hm-2 enhanced soil enzyme activity in the Yanqi Basin, facilitating root growth in spring wheat and promoting yield formation. |
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