| 李金钰,谢奎忠,胡新元,董博,陈松虎.玉米倒茬与秸秆覆盖对连作马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):138~147 |
| 玉米倒茬与秸秆覆盖对连作马铃薯根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of maize stubble and straw mulching on rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure of continuous cropping potato |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.14 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 连作障碍 玉米倒茬 秸秆覆盖 根际土壤细菌群落 |
| 英文关键词:potato continuous cropping obstacle maize rotation straw mulching bacterial community in rhizosphere soil |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技计划项目（25CXNA016）;甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目（2022GAAS36,2024GAAS17）；国家自然科学基金（31860354）；甘肃省农业科学院立项项目（2024MLS06） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究玉米倒茬和秸秆覆盖对长期连作马铃薯土壤的影响，试验在连续种植马铃薯8 a的土地上进行了4种不同的处理：对照组（CK），未进行任何处理；采用玉米秸秆覆盖（T1）；先进行玉米倒茬，然后覆盖玉米秸秆（T2）；仅进行玉米倒茬处理（T3）。通过高通量测序研究玉米倒茬与秸秆覆盖对马铃薯现蕾期根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明：采用秸秆覆盖后马铃薯根际土壤细菌的丰富度均增长，T1、T2分别增长了3.72%和5.18%，但单独采用玉米倒茬降低了4.91%，并且玉米倒茬和秸秆覆盖会明显提高马铃薯根际土壤细菌的多样性，T1、T2、T3较CK分别提高7.03%、8.03%、3.43%，处理间差异不显著。将不同处理马铃薯土壤样品细菌群落结构相似度进行聚类分析，按细菌相似度可将处理分为两大类，第一类包含CK和T1处理组，第二类包含T2和T3处理组。玉米倒茬与秸秆覆盖下马铃薯根际土壤细菌的优势种群以放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadota）、黏球菌门（Myxococcota）为主。其中T1处理的放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）较CK增长10.89%，T2和T3处理较CK分别降低4.83%和8.78%。与CK相比，3组处理变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度均增长，T2增幅最高（33.44%）。各处理厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度较CK均降低，T2较CK降低最多，为77.41%。T1处理的绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）相对丰度较CK增长29.09%，T2和T3处理较CK分别显著增长41.03%和34.45%（P<0.05）。各处理酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）相对丰度较CK均有所增长，T1、T2、T3分别增长58.86%、27.69%、35.27%。环境因子关联度分析结果表明，土壤全磷含量、土壤脱氢酶活性是影响根际土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子。玉米倒茬和秸秆覆盖改善了土壤微环境，显著降低了有害菌属如芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的数量，尤其是T2处理其数量显著降低了70.28%，有效缓解了马铃薯病害的传播与发生。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of maize stumping and straw mulching on soils subjected to long\|term continuous potato cultivation, an experiment was conducted on a field that had been continuously planted with potatoes for eight years. Four treatments were applied: (1) a control without any treatment (CK), (2) maize stover mulching (T1), (3) maize stubble followed by maize stover mulching (T2), and (4) maize stubble fall treatment only (T3). The impact of maize stubble and straw mulching on the structure and diversity of inter\|root soil bacterial communities during the potato bud stage was analyzed using high\|throughput sequencing. The results showed that the abundance of potato inter\|root soil bacteria increased by 3.72% and 5.18% in T1 and T2, respectively, but decreased by 4.91% with maize stubble alone. Additionally, the diversity of potato inter\|root soil bacteria was significantly enhanced by maize stubble and straw mulching, with increases of 7.03%, 8.03%, and 3.43% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively, compared to CK, although these increases were not statistically significant. The similarity of the bacterial community structure of potato soil samples from different treatments was analyzed by clustering, and the treatments were divided into two groups according to the similarity of bacteria, the first group contained CK and T1, and the second group contained T2 and T3. The dominant populations of potato inter\|root soil bacteria under maize stubble and straw mulching were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Gemmatimonadota, and Myxococcota. Among them, Actinobacteriota increased by 10.89% in T1 compared to CK, and decreased by 4.83% and 8.78% in T2 and T3 compared to CK, respectively. Compared with CK, all three treatments of Proteobacteria increased, and T2 had the highest increase of 33.44%. Firmicutes decreased in all treatments compared to CK, with the highest decrease of 77.41% in T2 compared to CK. Chloroflexi increased by 29.09% in T1 compared to CK, and significantly increased by 41.03% in T2 and 34.45% in T3 compared to CK (P<0.05). Acidobacteriota increased in all treatments compared to CK, with 58.86%, 27.69%, and 35.27% increases in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The results of the environmental factor correlation analysis revealed that soil total phosphorus and soil dehydrogenase were the primary environmental factors influencing the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil. Maize stubble and straw mulching enhanced the soil microenvironment, significantly reducing the abundance of harmful bacterial genera, such as Bacillus, especially T2 treatment, which significantly reduced by 70.28%, effectively mitigated the spread and occurrence of potato diseases. |
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