| 赵俊城,曹红霞,任利宇,张斌,艾玉玉,李志军.补充灌溉下施肥量及基追比对陕北高粱干物质积累和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):204~214 |
| 补充灌溉下施肥量及基追比对陕北高粱干物质积累和产量的影响 |
| Effects of fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios on dry matter accumulation and yield of sorghum under supplementary irrigation in northern Shaanxi |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.20 |
| 中文关键词: 高粱 施肥量 基追比 干物质积累 产量 补充灌溉 |
| 英文关键词:sorghum fertilizer application rate basal\|to\|topdressing ratio dry matter accumulation yield supplementary irrigation |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点产业创新链-农业领域项目（2023-ZDLNY-46） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对陕北地区高粱生产中灌溉水资源不足和肥料资源利用率低的问题，于2023年在陕西榆林开展施肥量和基追比二因素田间试验，研究补灌条件下3种施肥量（标准施肥量，Z100；80%标准施肥量，Z80；60%标准施肥量，Z60）结合3种基追比（基肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=8∶1∶1，F82；基肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=6∶2∶2，F64；基肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=4∶3∶3，F46）对高粱干物质积累特性及产量的影响。结果表明：施肥量和基追比对高粱干物质积累、水分利用效率及产量影响显著（P<0.05）。Z80F46处理具有明显干物质积累优势，成熟期Z80F46处理干物质积累量较Z80F82和Z80F64处理分别增加23.47%和11.01%。通过Logistic方程拟合发现，Z80F46处理的干物质最大积累速率较Z80F82和Z80F64处理分别提升了22.81%和7.67%；最大积累速率达到时间分别延长了8.08 d和3.24 d；平均积累速率分别提升了17.46%和43.69%。同时，Z80F46处理促进干物质向籽粒中积累以及花前花后干物质的转运和同化，同一基追比条件下，Z80F46处理成熟期籽粒干物质分配比例与Z100F46和Z60F46处理相比，分别增加29.75%和57.12%；同一施肥量下，Z80F46处理与Z80F82和Z80F64处理相比，花前营养器官干物质转运率分别增加81.82%和10.90%，花后干物质同化量分别增加101.71%和93.34%。此外，Z80施肥量与Z100和Z60施肥量下同一基追比处理相比，籽粒产量分别增加28.25%~54.35%和42.49%~81.50%；同一施肥量下，Z80F46处理与Z80F82和Z80F64处理相比，水分利用效率分别提高25.35%和9.25%。综上，推荐适宜陕北地区高粱种植的滴灌施肥方案为标准施肥量条件下减量20%，基肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥调整为4∶3∶3。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the challenges of insufficient irrigation water and low fertilizer utilization in sorghum production in northern Shaanxi, this study analyzed the effects of different fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios on sorghum dry matter accumulation and yield under supplementary irrigation. In 2023, a field experiment with two factors of fertilizer application rates and basal\|to\|topdressing ratios in Yulin, Shaanxi was conducted. The study adopted three fertilizer application rates (standard fertilizer application rate, Z100; 80% standard fertilizer application rate, Z80; 60% standard fertilizer application rate, Z60) combining with three basal\|to\|topdressing ratios (base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=8∶1∶1, F82; base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=6∶2∶2, F64; base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶flowering fertilizer=4∶3∶3, F46). The fertilizer application rate and basal\|to\|topdressing ratio had a significant effect on dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency and yield of sorghum (P<0.05). The Z80F46 treatment had a significant advantage in dry matter accumulation. At maturity, the dry matter accumulation of the Z80F46 treatment was 23.47% and 11.01% higher than that of the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, respectively. Logistic equation fitting found that the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of the Z80F46 treatment was 22.81% and 7.67% higher than that of the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, respectively; the time to reach the maximum accumulation rate was extended by 8.08 days and 3.24 days, respectively; and the average accumulation rate was increased by 17.46% and 43.69%, respectively. At the same time, the Z80F46 treatment promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the grains and the transport and assimilation of dry matter before and after flowering. Under the same basal\|to\|topdressing ratio conditions, the proportion of dry matter allocated to grains at maturity in the Z80F46 treatment was 29.75% and 57.12% higher than that in the Z100F46 and Z60F46 treatments, respectively. Under the same fertilization amount, compared with the Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, the 280F46 treatment demonstrated an 81.82% and 10.90% enhancement in pre\|anthesis dry matter transport rate of vegetative organs, along with 101.71% and 93.34% increments in post\|anthesis dry matter assimilation, respectively. In addition, compared with the same basal\|to\|topdressing ratio treatment under Z100 and Z60 fertilization rates, the grain yield under Z80 fertilization rate increased by 28.25% to 54.35% and 42.49% to 81.50%, respectively. Under the same fertilization rate, compared with Z80F82 and Z80F64 treatments, the water use efficiency of Z80F46 treatment increased by 25.35% and 9.25%, respectively. In conclusion, the recommended drip irrigation and fertilization strategy for sorghum cultivation in the northern Shaanxi region involves reducing the standard fertilization rate by 20% and adjusting the ratio of base fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and flowering fertilizer to 4∶3∶3. |
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