| 张玉鑫,蒯佳琳,马彦霞,王晓巍,康恩祥,张俊峰.非耕地日光温室番茄基质栽培灌溉制度研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):215~225 |
| 非耕地日光温室番茄基质栽培灌溉制度研究 |
| Study on irrigation system of tomato substrate cultivation in non\|arable land solar greenhouse |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.21 |
| 中文关键词: 温室番茄 灌溉制度 CRITIC法 基质栽培 河西走廊 |
| 英文关键词:greenhouse tomato irrigation scheduling CRITIC method substrate cultivation Hexi Corridor |
| 基金项目:甘肃省引导科技创新发展专项资金（2018GAAS13）；甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2019GAAS47)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-24-G-28) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过日光温室试验，以两次灌水间隔期Φ20 cm标准蒸发皿的累积蒸发量（E）为基数，设置0.4E、0.6E、0.8E、1.0E、1.2E等5个灌水处理，灌水周期为2 d，采用CRITIC法对番茄生长和品质进行综合评价，以CRITIC法评价综合得分量化番茄的生长和品质指标，利用变异系数法对生长、品质、产量、IWUE等4个指标赋权，通过TOPSIS法对各处理下番茄的综合效益进行评价。结果表明：番茄株高、植株干质量、叶干质量、果实干质量随灌水量的增加而增大，1.2E处理分别较0.4E处理增加了32.3%、41.8%、66.5%、39.6%；根干质量和根冠比随灌水量增加呈先减小后增加趋势，1.0E处理分别较0.4E处理减小了28.2%和71.6%；CRITIC法对番茄生长综合评价得分排名为1.2E＞1.0E＞0.8E＞0.6E＞0.4E，1.2E处理生长最优。番茄单果质量、果实含水量随灌水量的增加而增大，1.2E处理分别较0.4E处理增加了58.8%和5.3%；可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比随灌水量的增加而减少，1.2E处理分别较0.4E处理减少了82.7%和50.7%；可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc、番茄红素含量随灌水量增加呈先增加后减小趋势。CRITIC法对番茄品质综合评价得分排名为1.0E＞1.2E＞0.8E＞0.4E＞0.6E，1.0E处理品质最优。灌水量由0.4E增加到1.0E时，产量随灌水量增加而显著增加，1.0E处理产量较0.4E处理增加了66.4%；灌水量由1.0E增加到1.2E时，产量间无显著差异。IWUE随灌水量的增加而减少，1.2E处理IWUE较0.4E处理减小了28.7%。TOPSIS综合评价结果表明1.0E处理为综合效益最高的处理，即灌溉间隔为2 d，灌水量为1.0E可作为甘肃河西走廊非耕地日光温室秋冬茬番茄基质栽培的适宜灌溉制度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through a solar greenhouse experiment, based on the cumulative evaporation rate (E) of a stand\|dard evaporating dish with a Φ20 cm diameter pan between two irrigations, 0.4E, 0.6E, 0.8E, 1.0E, 1.2E were set as five different levels of irrigation amount, with an irrigation cycle of 2 days. The growth and quality of tomato was evaluated comprehensively by CRITIC method. CRITIC method evaluation comprehensive scores were regarded as the comprehensive growth and quality of tomato. Weight values of comprehensive growth, comprehensive quality, yield and IWUE were calculated by the coefficient of variation method. Then, TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of all irrigation treatments. The height of tomato plants, dry mass of plants, leaves, and fruits increased with the increase of irrigation water. The 1.2E treatment increased by 32.3%, 41.8%, 66.5%, and 39.6% respectively compared with the 0.4E treatment. The root dry mass and root crown ratio showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of irrigation water. The 1.0E treatment decreased by 28.2% and 71.6% respectively compared with the 0.4E treatment. The CRITIC method ranked the comprehensive evaluation score of tomato growth as 1.2E>1.0E>0.8E>0.6E>0.4E, with the 1.2E treatment showing the best growth. The single fruit mass and fruit moisture content of tomatoes increased with the increase of irrigation water. The 1.2E treatment increased by 58.8% and 5.3% respectively compared with the 0.4E treatment. While the soluble solid content and sugar acid ratio decreased with the increase of irrigation water. The 1.2E treatment decreased by 82.7% and 50.7% respectively compared with the 0.4E treatment. The contents of soluble sugars, organic acids, Vc and lycopene showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation water. The CRITIC method ranked the comprehensive evaluation score of tomato quality as 1.0E>1.2E>0.8E>0.4E>0.6E, with the 1.0E treatment having the best quality. When the irrigation amount increased from 0.4E to 1.0E, the yield increased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount. The yield of the 1.0E treatment increased by 66.4% compared with the 0.4E treatment. When the irrigation amount increased from 1.0E to 1.2E, there was no significant difference in yield. The IWUE decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. The IWUE of the 1.2E treatment decreased by 28.7% compared with the 0.4E treatment. The TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results indicated that the 1.0E treatment had the highest comprehensive benefits. An irrigation interval of 2 days and an irrigation amount of 1.0E can serve as an optimal irrigation system for tomato substrate cultivation during the autumn and winter seasons in greenhouse conditions in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. |
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