| 李常亮,张富仓,雒天峰.保水剂与氮肥互作对玉米生理特性和水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):226~232 |
| 保水剂与氮肥互作对玉米生理特性和水氮利用的影响 |
| Effects of water retention and nitrogen fertilizer interactions on physiological characteristics and water and nitrogen use in maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.22 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 保水剂 氮肥 生理特性 氮素吸收 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:maize water retention nitrogen fertilizer physiological characteristics nitrogen uptake water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51579211）；甘肃省重点研发计划项目（23YFFA0020） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过盆栽试验，设置3个保水剂种类\[得米高吸水性树脂（PAM，聚丙烯酰胺保水剂）；沃特多功能抗旱保水剂（WT，凹凸棒（有机）/聚丙烯酸（无机）保水剂）；海明高能抗旱保水剂（HM，聚丙烯酸钠型保水剂）\]、3个保水剂施用量（分别占干土质量的0‰、2‰、4‰）和3个氮肥施用量（0、0.25、0.50 g·kg-1），通过不完全正交试验设计共设置9个处理，研究保水剂与氮肥配施对玉米苗期生长生理、根系活力、氮素吸收及水分利用的影响。结果表明：与不施加保水剂和氮肥的处理相比，保水剂与氮肥配施使苗期玉米株高、叶面积、地上部干物质量、叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、氮素吸收、水分利用效率分别显著增加了9.30%、14.88%、68.85%、16.26%、103.86%、86.35%、81.06%（P<0.05）。PAM保水剂在提高玉米根系活力和氮素吸收方面效果更好，WT保水剂在促进玉米生长、提高水分利用效率方面更优，并且保水剂与氮肥施用量分别为4‰和0.50 g·kg-1时效果最好。主成分分析结果进一步证明，使用PAM保水剂并且保水剂与氮肥施用量分别为4‰和0.50 g·kg-1时得分最高，是西北干旱半干旱地区提高玉米产量、水氮利用效率的有效处理模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A total of nine treatments were established using an incomplete orthogonal experimental design, with each treatment replicated three times in a pot experiment. The treatments included three water\|holding agent types \[Demi high absorbent resin (PAM, polyacrylamide); Walter multifunctional drought tolerant water retainer (WT, bump (organic)/polyacrylic acid (inorganic) water retainer); Haiming high energy drought tolerant water retainer (HM, sodium polyacrylate type)\], three water\|retaining agent application rates (0‰, 2‰, and 4‰ of the dry soil mass, respectively), and three nitrogen fertilizer application rates (0, 0.25, 0.50 g·kg-1). The effects of water retention agent and N fertilizer on growth physiology, root vigor, nitrogen uptake and water use of maize seedlings were investigated. The results showed that compared with the treatment without application of water retainer and nitrogen fertilizer, water retainer with nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased seedling maize plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry matter mass, leaf chlorophyll content, root vigor, nitrogen uptake and water use efficiency by 9.30%, 14.88%, 68.85%, 16.26%, 103.86%, 86.35%, and 81.06%, respectively (P<0.05). PAM water retainer was more effective in improving maize root vigor and nitrogen uptake, WT water retainer was superior in promoting maize growth and improving water use efficiency, and it was the most effective when water retainer and nitrogen fertilizer were applied at 4‰ and 0.50 g·kg-1, respectively. The results of principal component analysis revealed that the optimal treatment model for improving maize yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency in the arid and semi\|arid regions of northwest China involved the use of PAM water retainer. The highest scores were obtained when the water retainer application rate was 4‰ and the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 0.50 g·kg-1. |
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