| 李玮,乔玉强,曹承富,丁永刚,陈欢,赵竹,杜世州,张向前,尚云秋.安徽省不同生态区冬小麦产量及土壤肥力评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(2):242~252 |
| 安徽省不同生态区冬小麦产量及土壤肥力评价 |
| Winter wheat yield and soil fertility evaluation in different ecological zones of Anhui Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.02.24 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 产量 土壤肥力 生态区 安徽省 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat yield soil fertility ecological zones Anhui Province |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1900204，2022YFD2300902）；国家自然科学基金（32301447）；安徽省农业科学院青年英才计划项目（QNYC-202217, QNYC-201908） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确安徽省不同生态区土壤肥力特征及影响小麦高产的土壤肥力限制因子，于2023年小麦收获期开展田间调查和土壤样品采集，分析比较不同生态区小麦产量和土壤肥力差异以及影响小麦高产的主要土壤肥力因子，同时运用经验权重、综合权重以及内梅罗指数法对土壤质量进行评价。结果表明：不同生态区小麦产量表现为淮北>沿淮>江淮>沿江。小麦产量与土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、碱解氮（AN）、速效磷（AP）含量呈极显著正相关关系，与速效钾（AK）含量呈显著正相关关系，与土壤容重（BD）呈极显著负相关关系。影响小麦产量的土壤肥力因子重要性排序为SOM>AP>TN>TP>AN>TK>pH>BD>AK，除TK、AK和AN以外，其他土壤养分指标间存在着显著正相关关系，土壤pH值和BD与SOM和AN存在显著负相关关系。综合权重法得出的土壤肥力指数（SFI）范围为0.58~0.89，小麦产量与其SFI极显著相关。沿淮和淮北生态区旱茬小麦产量分别达到9.00 t·hm-2和11.25 t·hm-2的土壤肥力等级为Ⅰ级，江淮和沿江生态区稻茬小麦产量达到7.5、6.00 t·hm-2的土壤肥力等级分别为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。沿江生态区小麦高产的土壤肥力限制因子为AP和SOM，江淮生态区主要限制因子为BD和AP，沿淮生态区主要限制因子为TP和pH，淮北生态区主要限制因子为土壤pH、AP和BD。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the characteristics of soil fertility in different ecological regions of Anhui Province and the limiting factors of soil fertility affecting the high\|yielding wheat, four winter wheat ecological regions in Anhui Province—Huaibei, Yanhuai, Jianghuai, and Yanjiang—were selected as the research areas. Using topsoil and wheat yield data from sampling sites, we analyzed the characteristics of wheat yield and soil fertility across the different ecological regions in 2023. Additionally, soil fertility quality was evaluated using empirical weights, comprehensive weights, and the Nemerow index method. The main soil fertility factors affecting wheat yield in different ecological regions were discussed. The results showed that the wheat yield from high to low was Huaibei>Yanhuai>Jianghuai>Yanjiang. Wheat yield showed highly significant positive correlation (P<0.001) with soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), alkaline nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP), and was significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with available potassium (AK). Wheat yield was highly significantly negatively correlated (P<0.001) with soil bulk density (BD). The importance order of soil fertility factors affecting wheat yield was SOM>AP>TN>TP>AN>TK>pH>BD>AK, and there was a significant positive correlation among soil nutrient indexes except TK, AK, and AN, while soil pH and BD were negatively correlated with SOM and AN. Compared with the empirical weights and Nemerow index method, the correlation coefficient between wheat yield and SFI calculated by the comprehensive weights method was the highest, and the SFI value obtained by the comprehensive weight method in the study area ranged from 0.58 to 0.89. According to the grade classification criteria, the soil fertility grade of the drought\|stubble wheat yield reaching 9.00 t·hm-2and 11.25 t·hm-2 in Huaibei and Yanhuai ecological area was grade Ⅰ, and that of the rice\|stubble wheatyield reaching 7.5 t·hm-2 and 6.00 t·hm-2 in Jianghuai and Yanjiang ecological area was grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ, respectively. As shown by the membership value radar map, the limiting factors of soil fertility for high wheat yield in Yanjiang were available phosphorus (AP) and soil organic matter (SOM). In the Jianghuai ecological area, the main limiting factors were bulk density (BD) and AP, while the secondary limiting factors were available nitrogen (AN) and SOM. In the Yanhuai ecological region, total phosphorus (TP) and pH were the limiting factors, whereas in the Huaibei ecological region, the limiting factors were soil pH, AP, and BD. |
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