柴达木盆地8种高寒禾草耐盐碱性评价

段成伟; 杨鑫光; 孙华方; 张湑泽; 王丽蓉; 李婷

段成伟,杨鑫光,孙华方,张湑泽,王丽蓉,李婷.柴达木盆地8种高寒禾草耐盐碱性评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):22~33

柴达木盆地8种高寒禾草耐盐碱性评价

Evaluation of saline\|alkali tolerance of eight alpine grasses in the Qaidam Basin

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.03

英文关键词:alpine grass saline\|alkali soil growth characteristics physicochemical properties grey correlation degree Qaidam Basin

基金项目:青海省青海民族大学理工类科学研究项目（2024XJMD06）；青海省2024年创新平台建设专项项目（2024-SF-J10）；2023年中央科研创新平台建设项目（30160101141）；青海省青海民族大学理工类科学研究项目（2024XJMD07）

作者	单位
段成伟	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007；青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁 810007
杨鑫光	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007；青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁 810007
孙华方	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007；青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁 810007
张湑泽	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007；青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁 810007
王丽蓉	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007；青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室,青海西宁 810007
李婷	青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁 810007

摘要点击次数: 63

全文下载次数: 37

中文摘要:

为筛选出适宜在柴达木盆地盐碱地种植及适应性强的禾草先锋草种，以青藏高原草地恢复中主推的碱茅草（Puccinellia distans，PD）、芨芨草（Neotrinia splendens，NS）、羊草（Leymus chinensis，LC）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne，LP）、紫羊茅（Festuca rubra，FR）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans，EN）、草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis，PP）、星星草（Puccinellia tenuiflora，PT）等8种高寒禾草草种为试验材料，采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法探究种植三年禾草生长特性、土壤理化性质及二者相关性的变化规律，并采用灰色关联度综合评价了8种禾草的耐盐碱性。结果表明：盐碱胁迫下，NS、LP、PP的盖度和地上生物量分别为63.00%、60.75%、58.50%和16.05、16.50、10.05 g·m^-2，均显著高于其他禾草（P<0.05）。NS的土壤初始水量为11.16%，显著高于PD、LC、FR、EN、PT（P<0.05）；NS和LP的土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量分别为28.63%、27.09%、26.53%和27.98%、26.61%、26.01%，均显著高于其他禾草（P<0.05）；NS和LP的土壤非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度相对较高，分别为2.32%、39.18%和2.00%、41.51%；NS的土壤容重和pH最低，分别为1.18 g·cm^-3和8.53。FR的土壤有机质含量最高，为11.04 g·kg^-1；PD、LC、FR的土壤速效氮含量分别为38.90、39.85、39.00 mg·kg^-1，显著高于其他禾草（P<0.05）；LC的土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别为19.73 mg·kg^-1和398.98 mg·kg^-1，均显著高于其他禾草（P<0.05）。线性回归分析表明，禾草地上生物量与土壤物理性质和速效养分含量呈极显著相关关系；冗余度分析结果表明，土壤非毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量和毛管孔隙度是影响8种禾草生长特性的最显著因子（P<0.05），解释率分别为72.30%、4.30%和2.50%；灰色关联度综合评价结果表明，NS、LP、PP和EN表现优异，适宜在柴达木盆地盐碱地区推广种植。

英文摘要:

In this study, the dynamic changes in grass growth characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and their correlations were analyzed using eight alpine grass species — Puccinellia distans (PD), Neotrinia splendens (NS), Leymus chinensis (LC), Lolium perenne (LP), Festuca rubra (FR), Elymus nutans (EN), Poa pratensis (PP), and Puccinellia tenuiflora (PT) — which are primarily promoted for grassland restoration on the Qinghai\|Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau. These species were cultivated for three years, and their saline\|alkali tolerance was comprehensively evaluated using the grey correlation degree method based on field investigations and laboratory studies. The aim was to select suitable and adaptable pioneer grass species for planting in the saline\|alkali soil of the Qaidam Basin. The results showed that under saline\|alkali stress, the coverage and aboveground biomass of NS, LP, and PP were 63.00%, 60.75%, 58.50%, and 16.05, 16.50, 10.05 g·m^-2, respectively, significantly higher than other species (P<0.05). NS had the highest soil initial gravimetric water content, which was 11.16%, significantly higher than PD, LC, FR, EN and PT (P<0.05). The soil saturated water\|holding capacity, capillary capacity and field capacity of NS and LP were 28.63%, 27.09%, 26.53% and 27.98%, 26.61%, 26.01%, respectively, significantly higher than other species (P<0.05). NS and LP had relatively high soil noncapillary porosity and capillary porosity with 2.32%, 39.18% and 2.00%, 41.51%, respectively. NS had the lowest soil bulk density and pH, which were 1.18 g·cm^-3 and 8.53, respectively. FR had the highest soil organic matter content, which was 11.04 g·kg^-1. The soil available nitrogen content of PD, LC and FR were 38.90, 39.85, 39.00 mg·kg^-1, respectively, significantly higher than other species (P<0.05); The soil available phosphorus content and available potassium content of LC were 19.73 mg·kg^-1 and 398.98 mg·kg^-1, respectively, significantly higher than other species (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between the aboveground biomass of grasses and soil physical properties, as well as available nutrient content. Redundancy analysis identified soil non\|capillary porosity, capillary capacity, and capillary porosity as the most significant factors influencing the growth characteristics of eight alpine grasses (P<0.05), with interpretation rates of 72.30%, 4.30%, and 2.50%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results based on the grey correlation degree indicate that NS, LP, PP, and EN exhibit excellent performance and are more suitable for promotion and cultivation in the saline\|alkali soil of the Qaidam Basin.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器