| 李长虹,魏雨欣,索菲亚,许静,宋梅,刘慧英,刁明.施磷对盐碱胁迫下番茄光合特性、离子平衡和抗氧化能力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):34~44 |
| 施磷对盐碱胁迫下番茄光合特性、离子平衡和抗氧化能力的影响 |
| Effects of phosphorus application on photosynthetic characteristics, ion balance, and antioxidant capacity of tomato under salt and alkaline stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.04 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 盐碱胁迫 施磷 生长指标 光合参数 离子平衡 渗透调节 |
| 英文关键词:tomato saline\|alkali stress phosphorus application growth indexes photosynthesis parameters ion equilibrium osmotic regulation |
| 基金项目:石河子大学科技攻关项目（QS2023012） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究施磷水平对盐、碱胁迫下番茄光合特性、离子平衡和抗氧化能力的影响，以‘魁冠B108’番茄为材料，采用黄沙基质盆栽试验，设置盐胁迫（NaCl，0.30%）和碱胁迫（NaHCO3，0.35%），两种胁迫类型下设置0、50、100 mg·kg-1三个施磷水平。于番茄移栽后15 d测定番茄生长指标、光合气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数、离子含量和抗氧化能力。结果表明：盐胁迫下，50 mg·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1施磷处理（YP50、YP100）相较于未施磷（YP0）处理，地上部干质量分别提高121.88% 和68.72%，地下部干质量分别提高158.33%和66.66%；碱胁迫下，50 mg·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1施磷水平处理（JP50、JP100）较未施磷处理（JP0），地上部干质量分别提高100.00%和176.19%，地下部干质量分别提高88.89%和188.89%。在光合参数方面，盐胁迫下，YP50和YP100处理的叶片净光合速率较YP0处理分别提高50.96%和39.95%，碱胁迫下则分别提高41.95%和67.79%；盐胁迫下，YP50和YP100处理的气孔导度较YP0处理分别提高87.95%和51.27%、潜在光化学效率分别提高33.33%和12.28%，碱胁迫下JP50和JP100处理的实际光化学效率量子产额较JP0处理分别提高26.47%和32.35%、相对PSII激发能压力分别降低22.03%和30.51%。在离子调控方面，盐胁迫下，YP50和YP100处理Na+含量较YP0处理分别降低27.29%和14.13%、Cl-含量分别降低14.30%和9.09%，碱胁迫下，JP50和JP100处理叶片Na+含量较JP0处理分别降低14.48%和26.27%、根系Cl-含量分别降低6.36%和14.83%。在抗氧化酶活性方面，盐胁迫下，YP50和YP100处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性较YP0处理分别提高23.40%和11.08%、过氧化物酶活性分别提高36.98%和19.43%，碱胁迫下，JP50和JP100处理的超氧化物歧化酶活性较JP0处理分别提高11.90%和23.98%、过氧化氢酶活性分别提高31.44%和49.16%、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性分别提高24.71%和38.80%；盐胁迫下，YP50和YP100处理的丙二醛含量较YP0处理分别降低24.19%和12.53%，碱胁迫下，JP50和JP100处理的电解质渗透率较JP0处理分别降低22.97%和37.12%，表明氧化胁迫损伤得到有效减轻。研究发现碱胁迫下施磷效果优于盐胁迫，且缓解盐、碱胁迫的适宜施磷水平存在差异，盐胁迫下50 mg·kg-1施磷处理的促进作用最为显著，碱胁迫下则以100 mg·kg-1施磷处理效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of phosphorus application levels on the photosynthetic characteristics, ion balance, and antioxidant capacity of tomatoes under salt and alkali stress, ‘Kuiguan B108’ tomatoes were used as the experimental material. A sand matrix pot experiment was conducted with two stress treatments: salt stress (0.30% NaCl) and alkali stress (0.35% NaHCO3). For each stress type, three phosphorus application levels were established: 0, 50, and 100 mg·kg-1. The growth index, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, ion content and antioxidant capacity of tomato were measured 15 days after tomato transplanting. The results showed that under salt stress, 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1 phosphorus treatments (YP50, YP100) increased the aboveground dry weight by 121.88% and 68.72%, respectively, and the underground dry weight by 158.33% and 66.66%, respectively, compared with no phosphorus treatment (YP0). Under alkali stress, the aboveground dry weight of 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1 phosphorus treatments (JP50、JP100) were increased by 100.00% and 176.19%, and the underground dry weight was increased by 88.89% and 188.89%, respectively, compared with the non\|phosphorus treatment (JP0). In terms of photosynthetic parameters, under salt stress, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves treated with YP50 and YP100 increased by 50.96% and 39.95%, respectively, compared with YP0 treatment. Under alkaline stress, JP50 and JP100 treatments increased photosynthetic rate by 41.95% and 67.79%, respectively, compared with JP0 treatment. At the same time, under salt stress, the stomatal conductance of YP50 and YP100 treatments increased by 87.95% and 51.27% respectively, compared with YP0 treatment, and the potential photochemical efficiency increased by 33.33% and 12.28% respectively. Under alkali stress, the actual photochemical efficiency quantum yield of JP50 and JP100 treatments increased by 26.47% and 32.35%, respectively, compared with JP0 treatment, and the relative PSII excitation energy pressure decreased by 22.03% and 30.51%, respectively. In terms of ion regulation, under salt stress, YP50 and YP100 treatments significantly reduced the content of Na+ and Cl- ions in tomato seedling leaves compared with YP0 treatment. The content of Na+ decreased by 27.29% and 14.13% respectively, and the content of Cl- decreased by 14.30% and 9.09% respectively. Under alkaline stress, the Na+ content of leaves treated with JP50 and JP100 decreased by 14.48% and 26.27%, respectively, and the Cl- content of roots decreased by 6.36% and 14.83%, respectively. At the level of antioxidant enzyme activity, under salt stress, the activity of superoxide dismutase in YP50 and YP100 increased by 23.40% and 11.08%, respectively, and the activity of peroxidase increased by 36.98% and 19.43%, respectively, compared with YP0. Under alkaline stress, the superoxide dismutase activity of JP50 and JP100 treatments increased by 11.90% and 23.98%, respectively, compared with JP0, the catalase activity increased by 31.44% and 49.16%, respectively, and the ascorbate peroxidase activity increased by 24.71% and 38.80%, respectively. Under salt stress, the malondialdehyde content in the YP50 and YP100 treatments decreased by 24.19% and 12.53%, respectively, compared to YP0. Under alkaline stress, the electrolyte permeability in the JP50 and JP100 treatments decreased by 22.97% and 37.12%, respectively, compared to JP0, indicating that oxidative stress damage was effectively alleviated. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application was more pronounced under alkaline stress than under salt stress, and the optimal phosphorus application level varied between the two conditions. Under salt stress, the most significant improvement was observed with a phosphorus application rate of 50 mg·kg-1, whereas under alkaline stress, the best effect was achieved with a phosphorus application rate of 100 mg·kg-1. |
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