沼液深浅孔分根交替灌溉对番茄根系特征及产量品质的影响

郑健; 王有斌; 撒青林; 王燕

郑健,王有斌,撒青林,王燕.沼液深浅孔分根交替灌溉对番茄根系特征及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):71~79

沼液深浅孔分根交替灌溉对番茄根系特征及产量品质的影响

Effects of alternating irrigation of deep and shallow pores of biogas slurry on root characteristics, yield and quality of tomato roots

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.08

中文关键词: 分根交替灌溉沼液根系特征产量品质组合评价

英文关键词:split\|root alternate irrigation biogas root characteristics yield quality combination evaluation

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52469011）；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SXDJ2024-08）；2024年水利科学试验研究及技术推广计划项目（甘水建管发\[2024\]78号，24GSLK052，24GSLK053）

作者	单位
郑健	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省太阳能与生物质互补多联供系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050；西北低碳城镇支撑技术省部共建协同创新中心，甘肃兰州 730050
王有斌	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省太阳能与生物质互补多联供系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
撒青林	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省太阳能与生物质互补多联供系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
王燕	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；西北低碳城镇支撑技术省部共建协同创新中心，甘肃兰州 730050

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中文摘要:

为探索沼液深浅孔分根交替灌溉对番茄根系形态和品质的影响，设置3个沼液配比（B₁：1∶2，B₂：1∶4，B₃：1∶6；沼液∶水，体积比）和4种灌溉方式（I₀：地表灌溉，I₁：5 cm孔深分根交替灌溉，I₂：10 cm孔深分根交替灌溉，I₃：5 cm和10 cm孔深分根交替灌溉），采用盆栽试验探求沼液配比和灌溉方式对番茄根系形态、干物质量、产量、水分利用效率和品质的影响，同时应用TOPSIS法、对称交互熵多属性排序法、VIKOR法和灰色关联分析法等独立评价方法对番茄综合效益进行评价，并采用均值法、模糊Borda法和Copeland法对独立评价结果进行组合评价进而提出最优处理。结果表明：B₂I₃处理干物质量最大，较B₂I₀、B₂I₂、B₂I₁处理分别增加30.35%、17.92%、5.94%；各处理番茄根系直径主要集中在0~2 mm，B₂I₃处理的根长、根体积、表面积、根尖数和根系活力均为最高值；B₂I₀处理产量最高（2.34 kg·株^-1），B₂I₃处理水分利用效率最高（98.43±0.29 kg·m^-3）；综合评价结果表明，B₂I₃处理为最优处理。研究可为改进沼液穴灌技术、促进该技术在设施农业中的推广应用提供理论支撑。

英文摘要:

To explore the effects of alternating deep and shallow borehole split\|root irrigation with biomass on the morphology and quality of tomato roots, a pot experiment was conducted. The experiment included three biomass ratios (B₁: 1∶2, B₂: 1∶4, B₃: 1∶6; biomass∶water, volumetric ratio) and four types of irrigation methods (I₀: surface irrigation; I₁: alternating 5 cm borehole\|deep split\|root irrigation; I₂: alternating 10 cm borehole\|deep split\|root irrigation, I₃: alternating 5 cm and 10 cm borehole\|deep split\|root irrigation). The effects of biogas ratios and irrigation methods on tomato root morphology, dry matter quality, yield, water use efficiency, and quality were examined. The study also applied independent evaluation methods, such as the TOPSIS method, symmetric interaction entropy multi\|attribute ranking method, VIKOR method, and grey correlation analysis, to assess the comprehensive benefits of tomatoes under different treatments. The evaluation results were combined using the mean value method, the fuzzy Borda method, and the Copeland method to propose the optimal treatment. The results showed that the dry matter mass of B₂I₃ treatment was the maximum value of all treatments, which was 30.35%, 17.92% and 5.94% higher than that of B₂I₀, B₂I₂ and B₂I₁ treatments, respectively; the diameters of tomato roots in all treatments were mainly concentrated in 0~2 mm, and the root length, root volume, surface area, number of root tips and root vigor of B₂I₃ treatment were the highest values of all treatments. The B₂I₀ treatment was able to obtain the highest yield (2.34 kg·plant^-1), and the B₂I₃ treatment was able to obtain the best water utilization efficiency (98.43±0.29 kg·m^-3). The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the B₂I₃ treatment was the optimal treatment in the experiment. This study provides theoretical support for the popularization and application of biogas hole irrigation technology in facility agriculture.

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