| 杨永辉,张运红,高翠民,刘昊,潘晓莹,何方,韩伟锋,武继承.长期增施有机肥对土壤物理特征、微生物生物量碳氮及土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):107~115 |
| 长期增施有机肥对土壤物理特征、微生物生物量碳氮及土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of long\|term organic fertilizer application on soil properties, microbial biomass, carbon and nitrogen content, and soil enzyme activity |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.12 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥 土壤结构 土壤有机碳 土壤水分参数 土壤微生物生物量碳氮 土壤酶活性 |
| 英文关键词:organic fertilizer soil structure soil organic carbon soil moisture parameter soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen soil enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:河南省科技创新团队项目（2024TD27）；河南省中央引导地方项目（Z20231811180）；河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目（2023ZC038） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 增施有机肥对改善土壤结构、提高土壤保水保肥能力，提升微生物活性和土壤质量均具有重要作用，但长期增施有机肥对土壤物理特性、水分参数、微生物特性及其相互关系尚不清楚，需要系统研究以确定长期施用有机肥对于土壤理化特性及其生物特性的综合作用效果。本研究在河南省节水农业禹州试验基地开展长期定位试验（2006年小麦播种时开始），采用CT扫描技术定量分析长期施用有机肥（腐熟鸡粪750 kg·hm-2）对0~40 cm土层土壤孔隙的影响，同时测定分析0~10 cm土层的土壤团粒结构、土壤水分参数及微生物生物量碳氮和土壤酶活性等指标。结果表明：随着土壤团聚体粒级的减小，不同施肥措施的土壤团聚体含量表现为逐渐增加的趋势。与单施化肥相比，增施有机肥的>0.5 mm粒级的团聚体含量提高了70.1%，0.25~0.5 mm和<0.25 mm粒级的团聚体含量分别减少了34.2%和26.5%；增施有机肥提高了水稳性大团聚体含量和团聚体平均重量直径，提高了土壤结构稳定性。随土层的加深，土壤孔隙数目呈现逐渐增加的趋势，土壤孔隙度则表现为逐渐降低的趋势，土壤孔隙成圆率则表现为逐渐增加再降低的趋势。长期增施有机肥提高了0~100 mm、200~250 mm和250~300 mm土层的孔隙数目，0~100 mm、150~200 mm和250~400 mm土层的土壤孔隙度以及0~150 mm和155~200 mm土层的孔隙成圆率；长期增施有机肥可提高土壤饱和导水率、土壤持水能力、供水能力、田间持水量及有效水含量，且提高了小麦不同生育时期的土壤微生物生物量碳和氮、土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、脲酶及蛋白酶活性。综上所述，长期增施有机肥改善了土壤理化性质、提高了土壤结构稳定性和土壤水分参数，同时提高了微生物活性和土壤酶活性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The application of organic fertilizer plays a crucial role in improving soil structure, water and nutrient retention, microbial activity, and overall soil quality. However, systematic research is needed to examine the effects of organic fertilizer on soil physical characteristics, moisture parameters, microbial properties, and their interrelationships. This is essential to comprehensively assess the long\|term impact of organic fertilizer application on soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Thus, in a long\|term experiment (initiated with winter wheat sowing in 2006) at the Yuzhou Experimental Base for Water\|Saving Agriculture in Henan Province, the effects of prolonged organic manure application (750 kg·hm-2) on soil porosity in the 0~40 cm layer were quantitatively analyzed. Additionally, soil structure, moisture parameters, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil enzyme activity in the 0~10 cm layer were examined. The results indicate that the proportion of soil aggregates gradually increased as the particle size of soil aggregates decreased. Compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the addition of organic fertilizers increased the proportion of >0.5 mm soil aggregates by 70.1%, while reducing the proportions of 0.25~0.5 mm and <0.25 mm aggregates by 34.2% and 26.5%, respectively. The long\|term application of organic fertilizers enhanced the proportion of water\|stable large aggregates, increased the mean weight diameter of aggregates, and improved soil structure stability. With increasing soil depth, the number of soil pores gradually increased, while soil porosity decreased. Additionally, the circularity of soil pores initially increased and then declined. Long\|term organic fertilizer application increased the number of pores at depths of 0~100 mm, 200~250 mm, and 250~300 mm, as well as porosity at 0~100 mm and 250~300 mm. It also enhanced the porosity rounding rate at soil depths of 0~150 mm and 150~200 mm. Furthermore, the long\|term application of organic fertilizers improved soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water\|holding capacity, water supply capacity, field water capacity, and available water content. It also enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, as well as the activities of soil sucrase, cellulase, urease, and protease at different wheat growth stages. In conclusion, the long\|term application of organic fertilizers improved soil physicochemical properties, enhanced soil structure stability and moisture parameters, and promoted microbial activity and soil enzyme function. |
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