| 索文康,胡一诺,董萌萌,郭唯,胡晨阳,杨金翰,田小明.肥料运筹对土壤理化性状及马铃薯产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):116~127 |
| 肥料运筹对土壤理化性状及马铃薯产量的影响 |
| Effects of fertilizer management on soil physicochemical properties and potato yield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.13 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 追肥时期 调理剂 土壤理化性状 产量 水肥一体化 |
| 英文关键词:potato topdressing fertility period conditioner physical and chemical property yield integration of water and fertilizer |
| 基金项目:河北省重点研发项目(21326405D)；河北省自然科学基金项目(D2020405002)；河北北方学院校级项目(XJ2023017) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同生育时期追肥比例添加调理剂对土壤理化性质及马铃薯产量的调控作用，以张家口坝上地区主要加工薯品种‘布尔班克’为研究对象，设置不同生育时期（苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期、淀粉积累期）追肥比例下添加一种由聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、硫酸锰合成的具有保释作用的高分子聚合物（T1，10%、10%、55%、25%；T2，20%、40%、30%、10%；T3，30%、30%、40%、0%；T4，30%、40%、30%、0%；T5，30%、50%、20%、0%；T6，30%、70%、0%、0%；T7，20%、80%、0%、0%；T8，10%、90%、0%、0%）并以传统施肥比例（CK，10%、10%、55%、25%）为对照共9个处理，分析各处理对土壤持水能力、水稳性团聚体分布和土壤养分及产量的影响。结果表明：与常规施肥措施相比，不同追肥比例下添加调理剂均显著提高了0~60 cm土层土壤持水能力（饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量）和有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，增加了0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量和马铃薯产量，降低了土壤容重；其中T4处理马铃薯产量增加最为显著（增幅为46.00%），土壤养分含量则以T1和T2最高（增幅为9.26%~158.65%）。各处理土壤水稳性团聚体均以0.25~1 mm大团聚体和0.053~0.25 mm微团聚体为主，其中T4处理0~60 cm土层＞0.25 mm大团聚体比例（R0.25）、平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）分别较CK显著提高76.27%~162.91%、55.77%~332.69%和95.24%~531.25%，且随着土层深度的增加，R0.25、MWD、GWD均呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。综上，苗期∶块茎形成期∶块茎膨大期∶淀粉积累期=30%∶40%∶30%∶0%（T4）的施肥模式能有效改善土壤物理结构和贮水量，同时提高马铃薯产量，可作为张家口坝上地区适宜的水肥运筹方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of adding conditioners to fertilizer applications at different fertility stages on the regulation of soil physicochemical properties and potato yields, the main processing potato variety ‘Burbank’ grown in the Zhangjiakou Bashang area was selected as the research subject. A control treatment using traditional fertilizer rates (CK: 10%, 10%, 55%, 25%) was compared with treatments applying fertilizer at different fertility stages-seedling, tuber formation, tuber expansion, and starch accumulation-combined with the addition of a polymer conditioner. This polymer, synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and manganese sulfate, was designed to have a ‘bailout’ effect on soil and crop performance. Eight treatment groups (T1~T8) were established with varying fertilizer distributions: T1, 10%, 10%, 55%, 25%; T2, 20%, 40%, 30%, 10%; T3, 30%, 30%, 40%, 0%; T4, 30%, 40%, 30%, 0%; T5, 30%, 50%, 20%, 0%; T6, 30%, 70%, 0%, 0%; T7, 20%, 80%, 0%, 0%; and T8, 10%, 90%, 0%, 0% to analyze the effects of the treatments on the soil water\|holding capacity, the distribution of water\|stable clusters, and soil nutrients and yield. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization measures, the addition of conditioners under different fertilizer ratios significantly increased soil water holding capacity (saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity) and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, quick\|acting phosphorus and quick\|acting potassium in the soil layer of 0~60 cm, increased soil water storage capacity and potato yield in the soil layer of 0~100 cm, and lowered the soil bulk density; among them. Among the treatments, T4 resulted in the most significant increase in potato yield (an increase of 46.00%), while soil nutrient content was highest in T1 and T2 (with increases ranging from 9.26% to 158.65%). Soil water\|stable aggregates in all treatments were primarily composed of 0.25~1 mm macroaggregates and 0.053~0.25 mm microaggregates. In the 0~60 cm soil layer, the proportion of macroaggregates larger than 0.25 mm (R0.25), the mean weight diameter (MWD), and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) in the T4 treatment were significantly higher than those in the control (CK), by 76.27%~162.91%, 55.77%~332.69%, and 95.24%~531.25%, respectively. With increasing soil depth, R0.25, MWD, and GMD first increased and then decreased. In conclusion, the fertilization pattern of seedling stage: tuber formation stage: tuber expansion stage: starch accumulation stage = 30%: 40%: 30%: 0% (T4) can effectively improve the soil’s physical structure and water retention capacity, while also increasing potato yield. This makes it a suitable method for water and fertilizer management in the Zhangjiakou Dam area. |
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