| 武泽婷,李小英,杨奔,苏小娟.炭基有机肥配施氮肥对土壤团聚体结构及紫甘蓝产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):139~148 |
| 炭基有机肥配施氮肥对土壤团聚体结构及紫甘蓝产量品质的影响 |
| Effects of biochar\|based organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate structure, yield, and quality of purple cabbage |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.15 |
| 中文关键词: 紫甘蓝 炭基有机肥 减量氮肥 水稳性团聚体 氮肥利用率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:purple cabbage biochar\|based organic fertilizer reduced nitrogen fertilizer water\|stable aggregates nitrogen use efficiency yield |
| 基金项目:云南省农业联合专项项目（202101BD070001-031）；云南省基础研究项目（202101AT070037） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决元谋坝区氮肥过量导致的土壤酸化和板结问题，以紫甘蓝为试材，采用二因素三水平随机完全区组设计，设置三个炭基有机肥底肥施用水平：15 t·hm-2（T1）、30 t·hm-2（T2）、45 t·hm-2（T3），基于当地常规氮肥量420 kg·hm-2（N3），追施减量100%、50%、25%氮肥的用量：0 kg·hm-2（N0）、210 kg·hm-2（N1）、315 kg·hm-2（N2），以不施肥处理为对照（CK），研究不同施肥量对土壤团聚体的分布和稳定性以及紫甘蓝产量与品质的影响，进而筛选合理的配施方案。结果表明：与CK相比，施用炭基有机肥配施不同水平氮肥处理均提高＞5 mm、2～5 mm、1～2 mm、0.5～1 mm粒级团聚体占比，减小0.25～0.5 mm和＜0.25 mm粒级团聚体占比，其R0.25、MWD、GMD值分别提升13.11%～24.59%、55.13%～174.36%、20.83%～40.28%；炭基有机肥配施减量50%和25%氮肥处理间紫甘蓝的叶球质量、经济产量、生物产量差异不显著，但均较等量炭基肥配施常规施氮处理提高10.01%～32.33%、8.69%～36.21%、3.10%～33.33%；等量炭基有机肥施用条件下，与配施常规施氮量相比，配施减氮处理氮农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表现利用率分别提高65.87%～216.33%、58.17%～172.42%和0.32%～292.85%；T2N1处理紫甘蓝叶球的维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和花青素含量均高于其他处理，较相同条件下配施常规氮量（T2N3）处理分别显著提高53.08%、13.86%、64.94%和89.73%。双因素方差表明，炭基肥与氮肥有显著的交互作用。主成分综合评价表明，30 t·hm-2炭基有机肥与210 kg·hm-2氮肥配合施用更有利于元谋地区紫甘蓝的绿色高产种植，同时实现紫甘蓝生产的减肥增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the issues of soil acidification and compaction in the Yuanmou Basin caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, a field experiment was conducted using purple cabbage as the test crop. A two\|factor, three\|level randomized complete block design was employed to examine the effects of varying fertilization rates on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates, as well as the yield and quality of purple cabbage. The experiment involved three application levels of biochar\|based organic fertilizer: 15 t·hm-2 (T1), 30 t·hm-2 (T2), and 45 t·hm-2 (T3). In addition, based on the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate of 420 kg·hm-2 (N3), nitrogen fertilizer application was reduced by 100%, 50%, and 25%, resulting in the following treatments: 0 kg·hm-2 (N0), 210 kg·hm-2 (N1), and 315 kg·hm-2 (N2). A control group (CK) received no fertilizer. Developing a comprehensive application plan to explore an optimal fertilization strategy by examining the effects of different fertilizer combinations on soil aggregate distribution and stability, as well as the yield and quality of purple cabbage. The results showed that, compared with CK, the application of carbon\|based organic fertilizer combing with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer increased the proportion of aggregate of >5 mm, 2~5 mm, 1~2 mm, 0.5~1 mm, and their R0.25, MWD and GMD values were increased by 13.11%~24.59%,55.13%~174.36% and 20.83%~40.28%. There was no significant difference in the head weight, economic yield and biological yield of purple cabbage between the treatments of 50% and 25% reduction of biochar\|based organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer, but they were 10.01%~32.33%, 8.69%~36.21% and 3.10%~33.33% higher than those of the same amount of biochar\|based organic fertilizer combined with conventional nitrogen treatment. Under the same amount of biochar\|based organic fertilizer application, compared with the conventional nitrogen application rate, the combined application of nitrogen reduction treatment increased the nitrogen agronomic utilization rate by 65.87%~216.33%, the nitrogen partial productivity by 58.17%~172.42% and the nitrogen fertilizer performance utilization rate by 0.32%~292.85%, respectively. The combined application of biochar\|based organic fertilizer and reduced nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen apparent efficiency. The contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein and anthocyanin in purple cabbage head treated with T2N1 were higher than those in other treatments, which were significantly increased by 53.08%, 13.86%, 64.94% and 89.73%, compared with the treatment of conventional nitrogen application (T2N3) under the same conditions. The two\|way analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between biochar\|based organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. The principal component analysis indicated that the combined application of 30 t·hm-2 of biochar\|based organic fertilizer and 210 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer (T2N1) was more beneficial for the green and high\|yield cultivation of purple cabbage in the Yuanmou area. This approach also achieved fertilizer reduction and increased efficiency in purple cabbage production. |
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