| 许文霞,冯涛,潘启兵,孙向春,张美珍,吕铎,殷晓燕,赵娟.灌溉模式和灌水量对疏勒河灌区蜜瓜品质和经济效益的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):149~157 |
| 灌溉模式和灌水量对疏勒河灌区蜜瓜品质和经济效益的影响 |
| Effects of irrigation modes and irrigation amounts on quality and economic benefits of muskmelon in Shule river irrigation district |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 蜜瓜 产量 品质 灌溉模式 灌水量 灌溉水利用效率 经济效益 疏勒河灌区 |
| 英文关键词:muskmelon yield quality irrigation mode irrigation amount irrigation water utilization efficiency economic benefits Shule river irrigation district |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技计划项目（农业）重大专项（21ZD4NF044）;酒泉市科技支撑计划项目（2023CA3023,2024CA1045） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 疏勒河灌区降水稀少、蒸发量大，蜜瓜灌溉主要以传统沟灌为主，为提高灌区蜜瓜品质和产量，探究适宜蜜瓜的高效节水灌溉模式，旨为疏勒河灌区蜜瓜高质优产和水资源高效利用提供科技支撑。设置5个处理：滴灌+3 600 m3·hm-2灌量+水肥一体化（D1）、滴灌+4 200 m3·hm-2灌量+水肥一体化（D2）、滴灌+4 800 m3·hm-2灌量+水肥一体化（D3）、沟灌+9 000 m3·hm-2灌量+追肥撒施（G1）、沟灌+9 000 m3·hm-2灌量+不追肥（G2），探究不同灌溉方式和灌水量对蜜瓜土壤含水率和土壤温度、蜜瓜品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）和经济效益的影响。结果表明：滴灌可显著提高蜜瓜0~5 cm土层土壤温度1.9～6.2℃，使蜜瓜0~5 cm土层土壤保持一定的含水率；滴灌较沟灌模式可提高蜜瓜品质和IWUE，增加灌水量会显著降低蜜瓜品质和IWUE、提高蜜瓜干物质量和蜜瓜产量，其中蜜瓜可溶性糖含量和维生素C含量均表现为D1>D2>D3>G1>G2，且各处理之间差异极显著（P<0.01)；蜜瓜产量表现为G1>D3>D2>G2>D1，且随着灌水量的增加蜜瓜产量增加趋势逐渐减弱；D2处理IWUE最高、其次为D1和D3处理、G2处理最低。D2处理蜜瓜经济效益达到111 108 CNY·hm-2，继续增加灌水量则蜜瓜经济效益增加趋势不再显著，且D2处理和D3处理的蜜瓜产投比最高。综上，建议在疏勒河灌区推行蜜瓜滴灌灌溉方式+4 200 m3·hm-2灌量+水肥一体化技术（N 300 kg·hm-2、P2O5 150 kg·hm-2、K2O 300 kg·hm-2；25%N、100% P2O5、50% K2O在播种前一次性基施，剩余部分全部追施，追肥均通过滴灌系统随水滴施），以提高蜜瓜品质和经济效益及灌溉水利用效率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the Shule river irrigation district, precipitation is scarce, and evaporation is high, making the traditional irrigation method for muskmelons the primary choice. To improve both the quality and yield of muskmelons in the district, this study focused on muskmelons as the research subject, exploring efficient, water\|saving irrigation methods suitable for their cultivation. The goal was to provide scientific and technological support for achieving high\|quality yields of muskmelons and optimizing the use of water resources in the Shule river irrigation district. The study was set up with five treatments: drip irrigation +3 600 m3·hm-2 irrigation+water and fertilizer integration (D1), drip irrigation +4 200 m3·hm-2 irrigation+water and fertilizer integration (D2), drip irrigation +4 800 m3·hm-2 irrigation+water and fertilizer integration (D3), furrow irrigation +9 000 m3·hm-2 irrigation+ topdressing and spreading fertilizer (G1), furrow irrigation +9 000 m3·hm-2 irrigation+ non\|topdressing (G2) to investigate the changes of soil volume moisture content and soil temperature, dry matter weight, quality, yield, irrigation water utilization efficiency (IWUE) and economy of muskmelon under different irrigation methods. The results showed that drip irrigation significantly increased the soil temperature of 0~5 cm soil layer by 1.9～6.2℃ and maintained a certain volume water content of 0~5 cm soil layer. Compared with furrow irrigation mode, drip irrigation mode improved the quality and IWUE of muskmelon, but the increase of irrigation amount significantly reduced the quality and IWUE of muskmelon and increased the dry matter weight and yield of muskmelon. Among them, the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in muskmelon were D1, D2, D3, G1 and G2 from high to low, and the differences among different treatments were very significant (P<0.01). The yield of muskmelon was G1, D3, D2, G2, D1 from high to low, and the increase trend of muskmelon yield gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation quantity. The IWUE for muskmelon was highest under D2 treatment, followed by D1 and D3 treatment, and lowest under G2 treatment. The economy of muskmelon in D2 treatment reached 111 108 yuan·hm-2, and the increase trend of economy was no longer significant with the continuous increase of irrigation amount, and the yield and investment ratio of muskmelon in D2 treatment and D3 treatment was the highest. To sum up, it was suggested to implement the drip irrigation method +4 200 m3·hm-2+water and fertilizer integration technology (300 kg·hm-2, 150 kg·hm-2, 300 kg K2O·hm-2; 25%N, 100% P2O5, 50% K2O were applied in a single base before seeding, and the rest were applied in full) in Shule river irrigation district to improve the quality and economic benefits of muskmelon and the IWUE. |
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