| 肖歆玥,逄蕾,杨锦,胡南南,王小燕,杨岩斌,邵泽和,郑浩飞,路建龙,谭雪莲,张博宇,赵鸣英.半干旱雨养区不同秸秆还田方式对马铃薯农田土壤酸解有机氮的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):170~181 |
| 半干旱雨养区不同秸秆还田方式对马铃薯农田土壤酸解有机氮的影响 |
| Effects of different straw returning methods on organic nitrogen in potato farmland in semi\|arid rainfed areas |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.18 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 秸秆还田 土壤全氮 土壤酸解有机氮 产量 |
| 英文关键词:potato straw mulching return soil total nitrogen soil acidolysis organic nitrogen yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160525）；甘肃省自然科学基金项目（20JR5RA034）；甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目（2022GAAS24）；甘肃农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202410733003）；甘肃农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202401057，202401058） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究西北半干旱雨养区不同秸秆还田方式对马铃薯农田土壤酸解有机氮和产量的影响，于2022—2023年设置露地（CK）、地膜覆盖（PM）、秸秆碎秆还田（SR）和秸秆整秆带状覆盖还田（SM）4个处理，分析土壤全氮、酸解有机氮组分、C/N、有机质含量及马铃薯产量等在不同秸秆还田方式下的差异。结果表明：SR和SM处理有利于0~60 cm土层土壤全氮（TN）和酸解总氮（HN）含量的积累，且SM处理较SR处理分别显著提高4.33%和12.51%；PM对0~60 cm土层土壤TN和HN含量的积累产生负面影响，分别较CK降低7.85%和8.48%。各处理土壤酸解有机氮各组分含量均表现为氨基酸态氮（AAN）＞酸解氨态氮（AN）＞酸解未知态氮（HUN）＞氨基糖态氮（ASN），SR和SM处理可不同程度提升土壤AAN、AN及ASN含量。与CK相比，PM和SR处理提高了2023年0~60 cm土层土壤C/N，SM处理土壤C/N降低；SR和SM处理可显著提高0~60 cm土层土壤有机质（SOM）含量，且SR处理较SM处理显著提高9.82%，PM处理0~20 cm土层土壤SOM含量则较CK显著降低5.32%。2023年SR和SM处理的马铃薯产量较CK分别显著提高23.97%和16.81%，产投比分别提高18.85%和21.31%。综上，秸秆整秆带状覆盖还田处理能更有效地提高土壤供氮能力，增强土壤肥力水平，同时提高马铃薯产量，可作为半干旱雨养区马铃薯农田推荐的秸秆还田模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To examine the effects of different straw returning methods on soil acid\|hydrolysable organic nitrogen and potato yield in rainfed potato fields in the semi\|arid region of Northwest China, a field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 with four treatments: bare land (CK), plastic film mulching (PM), crushed straw returning (SR), and whole\|straw strip mulching (SM). The study analyzed soil total nitrogen (TN), acid\|hydrolysable organic nitrogen fractions—including amino acid nitrogen (AAN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), hydrolysable unknown nitrogen (HUN), and amino sugar nitrogen (ASN)—as well as the C/N ratio, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and potato yield. The results showed that SR and SM treatments significantly enhanced the accumulation of TN and total hydrolysable nitrogen (HN) in the 0~60 cm soil layer. Specifically, SM increased TN and HN by 4.33% and 12.51%, respectively, compared to SR. In contrast, PM negatively affected TN and HN accumulation in the 0~60 cm layer, reducing them by 7.85% and 8.48% relative to CK. The concentrations of acid\|hydrolysable organic nitrogen fractions across all treatments followed the order: AAN > AN > HUN > ASN. Both SR and SM treatments increased the contents of AAN, AN, and ASN to varying degrees. Compared to CK, PM and SR elevated the soil C/N ratio in the 0~60 cm layer in 2023, while SM reduced it. SR and SM significantly improved SOM content in the 0~60 cm layer, with SR exhibiting a 9.82% higher SOM than SM. However, PM reduced SOM content in the 0~20 cm layer by 5.32% compared to CK. In 2023, potato yields under SR and SM treatments increased significantly by 23.97% and 16.81%, respectively, compared to CK, with benefit\|cost ratios rising by 18.85% and 21.31%. In conclusion, whole\|straw strip mulching (SM) more effectively enhances soil nitrogen supply capacity, improves soil fertility, and increases potato yield, making it the recommended straw\|returning practice for rainfed potato fields in semi\|arid regions. |
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