| 付浩川,李成,李贺男,张浩磊,温家宣,方妍欣,李想,李锦朝,董勤各,冯浩.不同禾豆间作模式对作物产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(3):200~209 |
| 不同禾豆间作模式对作物产量及水氮利用的影响 |
| Effects of different cereal\|legume intercropping systems on crop yield, water usage, and nitrogen utilization |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.03.21 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 高粱 大豆 间作 产量 水氮利用 种间竞争 |
| 英文关键词:maize broomcorn soybean intercropping yield water and nitrogen utilization species competition |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（K3030223129） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 59 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2023年4—10月设置玉米大豆间作（MS）、高粱大豆间作（BS）、玉米单作（M）、高粱单作（B）、大豆单作（S）共5个处理，测定玉米、高粱、大豆的产量、植株氮积累量、土壤含水量等指标，分析作物产量变化、土地生产力、水分利用效率、氮素利用效率，探究不同禾豆间作模式种间竞争和促进作用。结果表明：（1）同等面积上MS处理的玉米籽粒产量较M处理显著降低21.53%，BS处理的高粱籽粒产量较B处理降低7.17%；与S处理相比，MS、BS处理的大豆籽粒产量分别显著降低53.65%、57.39%，间作高粱在产量上更具优势。（2）BS处理的土地当量比（LER）和水分当量比（WER）比MS处理分别提高9.42%和7.75%；间作高粱更具土地和水分利用优势。间作体系的养分优势主要表现为氮积累量增加，玉米大豆间作体系的氮积累量比玉米单作提高15.41%，高粱大豆间作体系的氮积累量比高粱单作提高14.32%；对于氮素吸收效率、籽粒氮利用效率、氮收获指数和氮肥偏生产力，间作玉米与单作玉米相比各项指标降低2.31%~21.52%，间作高粱与单作高粱相比各项指标降低3.00%~7.19%；高粱大豆间作更具氮素利用优势。（3）BS处理中高粱相对于大豆的种间竞争力（Ap=0.62）小于MS处理中玉米相对于大豆的种间竞争力（Ap=1.27）；BS处理中相对拥挤系数（Kp=1.30）小于MS处理的相对拥挤系数（Kp=1.77）；BS处理种间竞争相对和谐。综上可知，两种间作模式均不同程度提高了土地生产力和作物氮素养分积累量，高粱大豆间作体系具有更高的土地生产力和水分利用效率优势，并且种间竞争相对和谐，更适合在陕北地区推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The experiment was conducted from April to October 2023. Five treatments were established: maize and soybean intercropping (MS), broomcorn and soybean intercropping (BS), sole cropping maize (M), sole cropping broomcorn (B), and sole cropping soybean (S). The yield, plant nitrogen accumulation and soil water content of corn, broomcorn and soybean were measured. The changes of crop yield, land productivity, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed, and the inter\|specific competition and promotion effects of different intercropping modes of grass beans were explored. The results showed that: (1) The grain yield of intercropping maize (MS) was significantly decreased by 21.53% compared with that of mono\|cropping maize (M), and the grain yield of intercropping broomcorn (BS) was decreased by 7.17% compared with that of mono\|cropping broomcorn (B). Compared with mono\|cropped soybean (S), the grain yield of soybean treated with MS and BS was significantly reduced by 53.65% and 57.39%, respectively, and BS treatment was more advantageous in yield. (2) The land equivalent ratio (LER) and water equivalent ratio (WER) of BS treatment were 9.42% and 7.75% higher than that of MS, respectively. BS had more advantages in land and water use. The nutrient benefit of the intercropping system primarily lies in the increased nitrogen accumulation. In the maize and soybean intercropping system, nitrogen accumulation was 15.41% higher than that of mono\|cropped maize and 14.32% higher than that of mono\|cropped broomcorn. Regarding nitrogen absorption efficiency, grain nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, and nitrogen partial productivity, the values for intercropped maize were 2.31% to 21.52% lower compared to mono\|cropped maize, while the values for intercropped broomcorn were 3.00% to 7.19% lower compared to mono\|cropped broomcorn. The nitrogen utilization of the broomcorn and soybean intercropping system proved to be more advantageous. (3) The interspecific competitiveness of broomcorn relative to soybean in BS treatment (Ap=0.62) was smaller than that of corn relative to soybean in MS treatment (Ap=1.27). The relative crowding coefficient of BS treatment (Kp=1.30) was smaller than that of MS treatment (Kp=1.77). BS handled interspecific competition relatively harmoniously. In conclusion, both intercropping systems can enhance land productivity and nitrogen accumulation to varying extents. The broomcorn\|soybean intercropping system offers higher land productivity, better water use efficiency, and relatively harmonious interspecies competition, making it more suitable for promotion in northern Shaanxi. |
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