| Meteorological disasters significantly impact agricultural production during the spring sowing period, making the monitoring and prediction of such disasters for major crops in Qinghai crucial for crop growth. Based on meteorological observations, this study comprehensively analyzes the climate characteristics, major meteorological disaster\|prone areas, and crop growth in Qinghai province during the spring sowing period using normalization methods, a hierarchical analysis model, and kriging interpolation. The findings indicate that the spring sowing period in Qinghai province primarily occurs from mid\|to\|late March to early May. Barley sown in March is highly susceptible to frost damage, while spring wheat, oilseed rape, and beans planted in early to mid\|April are also vulnerable to frost. Additionally, maize, potatoes, and ferns sown in late April face a high risk of frost damage. The Hehuang and Qilianshan regions are prone to drought due to extreme weather events, while Xining, Guoluo, Haibei, Hainan, and Huangnan are more susceptible to flooding. During the 2021 spring sowing period in Qinghai province, overall temperatures were high, and precipitation followed a “less in the north and south” trend. The cultivation of wheat, potatoes, oilseed rape, and ferns was primarily affected by drought and frost damage. These adverse conditions, most likely to occur in April, necessitate delaying sowing and ensuring timely irrigation. Barley\|growing areas, on the other hand, were mainly impacted by freezing temperatures, torrential rainfall, and flooding. These events occurred in March and May, respectively, making it essential to monitor soil moisture and implement effective farmland drainage measures. The meteorological disaster impact forecast for Qinghai province’s spring sowing period provides a crucial basis for early analysis, research, and planning. It supports key agricultural activities, ensuring effective meteorological protection during sowing and seeding periods for the relevant departments. |